1931 Census of England and Wales, Occupation Tables, Table 16 : " Occupations of Males and Females, showing also total Operatives and the total Out of Work".

Show England Dep table	Essex AdmC	Barking UD/MB Dagenham MB/UD East Ham MB/UD/CB Ilford UD/MB Leyton UD/MB Southend on Sea CB/MB Walthamstow UD/MB West Ham CB/MB

Occupation	Males [1]	Females [2]
Total Population	844,625	910,834
Under 14 years of age	209,701	203,460
Aged 14 years and over	634,924	707,374
Operatives (in work): Number	451,140	191,134
Operatives (in work): Per cent. Of Occupied (I-XXXI)	79	87
Out of work (all classes): Number	52,077	13,620
Out of work (all classes): Per cent. Of Occupied (I-XXXI)	9	6
I-XXXI Occupied 14 Years and over	573,999	219,515
XXXII Unoccupied and Retired 14 years and over	60,925	487,859
I FISHERMEN	626	1
Fishermen	626	1
II AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATIONS	39,908	1,733
Land and Estate Agents and Managers (not Auctioneers and Estate Agents	72	2
Farmers	4,937	358
Farmers' Sons, Daughters, or Other Relatives assisting in the work of the Farm	1,099	123
Gardeners, Nurserymen, Seedsmen, Florists	8,237	198
Agricultural and Forestry Pupils (not at Colleges)	57	15
Farm Bailiffs	376	3
Foresters and Woodmen	259	1
Agricultural Machine, Tractor-Proprietors, Foremen, Drivers, Attendants	697	1
Farm Foremen	329	2
Agricultural Labourers, Farm Servants	20,459	740
Agricultural Labourers, Farm Servants: Shepherds	234	0
Agricultural Labourers, Farm Servants: Employed in tending cattle, dairying, etc.	3,411	89
Agricultural Labourers, Farm Servants: Employed in charge of Horses	3,500	4
Agricultural Labourers, Farm Servants: Not otherwise distinguished	13,314	647
Gardeners' Labourers	2,577	163
Estate Labourers	67	0
Pea and Fruit Pickers	2	7
Other Agricultural Occupations	740	120
III MINING AND QUARRYING OCCUPATIONS	748	2
In Coal and Shale Mines	97	1
Owners, Agents, Managers	5	0
Subordinate Superintending Staff (including Inspectors, Contractors, and Foremen)	4	0
Hewers and Getters	70	0
Persons conveying Material to the Shaft	2	0
Persons making and Repairing Roads	5	0
Other Workers below Ground	6	0
Other Workers above Ground	5	1
In Metalliferous Mines and Workings	8	0
Owners, Agents, Managers	3	0
Subordinate Superintending Staff (including Inspectors, Contractors, and Foremen)	1	0
Other Workers below Ground	2	0
Other Workers above Ground and in Open Workings	2	0
In other Mines and Quarries and at Brine and Oil Wells	643	1
Owners, Agents, Managers	36	0
Subordinate Superintending Staff (including Inspectors, Contractors, and Foremen)	52	0
Stone Miners, Quarriers	42	0
Slate Miners, Quarriers	2	0
Chalk, Clay, Sand, Gravel-Pit Workers	502	1
Other Workers	9	0
IV WORKERS IN THE TREATMENT OF NON-METALLIFEROUS MINE AND QUARRY PRODUCTS	1,433	166
Makers of Coal Gas, Coke, and By-Products (excluding Tar Distilling).	1,007	0
Employers and Managers	13	0
Foremen and Overlookers	102	0
Other Skilled Workers	892	0
Makers of Other Products	426	166
Employers and Managers	49	3
Foremen and Overlookers	60	7
Kiln Men and Lime Burners	43	0
Other Skilled Workers	274	156
V MAKERS OF BRICKS, POTTERY AND GLASS	1,654	127
Makers of Bricks, Tiles and Pottery	665	11
Employers and Managers	51	1
Foremen and Overlookers	34	2
Brick and Unglazed Tile-Makers, Moulders, Pressers, and Cutters	486	2
Furnace and Crucible Pot Makers	5	0
Potters' Mill Workers; Slip Makers and Arkmen	1	0
Potters; Ware-Makers, Casters, and Finishers	30	5
Kiln and Oven Men; Kiln Setters and Placers	34	0
Other Skilled Workers	24	1
Makers of Glass and Glass Ware	989	116
Employers and Managers	67	3
Foremen and Overlookers	52	7
Teazers and Founders	8	1
Gatherers	9	0
Blowers and Finishers (not Machine Hands)	164	12
Moulders and Pressers	77	2
Other Skilled Workers	612	91
VI WORKERS IN CHEMICAL PROCESSES: MAKERS OF PAINTS, OILS, &C	2,545	251
Workers in Chemical Processes	1,355	168
Employers and Managers	214	10
Foremen and Overlookers	186	25
Distillers and Still Men	176	2
Process Men and Furnacemen	366	35
Other Skilled Workers	413	96
Makers of Paints, Oils (not Mineral), &c	1,190	83
Employers and Managers	213	6
Foremen and Overlookers	144	15
Paint and Colour Grinders and Mixers	457	18
Other Skilled Workers	376	44
VII METAL WORKERS (NOT ELECTRO PLATE OR PRECIOUS METALS)	43,904	2,678
Employers, Managers, Foremen	2,938	47
Employers and Managers	1,588	21
Foremen and Overlookers: Foundry	70	0
Foremen and Overlookers: Machine Shop	167	2
Foremen and Overlookers: Fitting and Erecting	305	0
Foremen and Overlookers: Other and Undefined	808	24
Furnacemen (not Annealing or Foundry), Rollers, and their Assistants	106	1
Puddlers	1	0
Shinglers	0	0
Other Furnacemen and their Skilled Assistants	44	0
Rollers and their Skilled Assistants	49	1
Other Assistants to Furnacemen and Rollers	12	0
Foundry Workers	1,967	5
Brass Moulders	174	1
Other Metal Moulders (not Blast Furnace)	1,038	3
Die Casters	9	0
Iron or Steel Foundry Furnace and Cupola Men	65	0
Iron or Steel Foundry Labourers	461	0
Brass, Bronze Foundry Furnacemen	26	0
Brass, Bronze Foundry Labourers	58	0
Other Foundry (not Type) Furnacemen and Casters	82	0
Other Foundry (not Type) Labourers	54	1
Smiths and Skilled Forge Workers	2,323	4
Metal Machinists	3,381	389
Fitters	16,667	26
Erectors, Fitters	6,016	15
Tool Setters	379	0
Millwrights	305	0
Erectors', Fitters', Millwrights' Labourers	1,578	2
Cycle-Makers, Fitters, and Mechanics	260	2
Mechanical Engineers; Engineers (not Engine Drivers)	3,716	1
Mechanics (so returned)	381	2
Motor Mechanics (so returned)	3,093	3
Mechanical Engineers', Engineers', and Mechanics Labourers	939	1
Other Workers	16,522	2,206
Annealers, Softeners, Hardeners, Temperers	67	0
Art Metal Workers	35	0
Boiler Makers, Platers, and Iron Shipwrights	1,549	0
Boiler Makers' and Platers' Labourers	504	0
Brass Finishers and Turners	239	12
Card Clothing-Clothiers, Setters, and Nailers	1	0
Constructional Engineers (not Professional), Steel Erectors, Structural Iron Workers	929	0
Coppersmiths	210	0
Cutlers	23	0
Die Cutters and Sinkers	67	3
Drillers (Hand, Pneumatic or Electric)	297	42
File Cutters (Hand or Machine)	1	0
Filers	25	11
Galvanizers (not Sheets)	35	1
Gas Fitters	1,386	0
Grinders	521	40
Glazers, Polishers, Buffers, and Moppers	260	76
Gunsmiths and Gun Lock and Action Makers	22	1
Heating and Ventilating Engineers (so returned)	103	0
Lead Burners and Chemical Plumbers	122	0
Lock, Latch, and Key Makers; Locksmiths	47	1
Metal Spinners	26	0
Oxy-Acetylene or Electric Welders and Cutters	515	9
Picklers	22	1
Pipe Fitters	613	1
Plumbers (not Chemical Plumbers)	2,471	0
Plumbers' Labourers	963	0
Press Workers and Stampers (not Hot or Hydraulic), Drawers (not Wire or Tube)	332	902
Rivetters	406	5
Rivetters' Labourers	126	0
Roller Engravers and Block Cutters	17	3
Safe Makers	27	1
Scale and Weighing Machine-Makers, Fitters, and Adjusters	131	3
Solderers and Brazers	38	383
Tinners	9	4
Tinsmiths, Sheet Metal Workers	1,293	115
Tool Makers (so returned)	628	3
Tube Drawers and Welders	25	5
Wire Drawers and Makers	52	25
Wire Weavers and Wire Rope Makers	100	60
Other Skilled Workers	2,285	499
VIII WORKERS IN PRECIOUS METALS AND ELECTRO PLATE	612	67
Employers and Managers	55	3
Foremen and Overlookers	23	3
Electro Platers, Nickel Platers	118	5
Engravers and Chasers	50	3
Goldsmiths and Gem Setters	146	17
Polishers and Scratch Brushers	42	17
Pressers, Saw Piercers, and Stampers	9	3
Silver and White Metal Smiths; Mounters	80	3
Other Skilled Workers	89	13
IX ELECTRICAL APPARATUS MAKERS AND FITTERS (NOT ELSEWHERE ENUMERATED) AND ELECTRICIANS	10,053	2,370
Employers and Managers	416	9
Foremen and Overlookers	553	70
Accumulator Makers and Plasters	162	146
Coil Winders	222	549
Coil Insulators	11	25
Insulated Cable and Wire Machine Drivers and Setters-up	291	111
Insulated Cable and Wire Machine Assistants	111	294
Electric Lamp and Valve-Stemmers, Sealers, and Exhausters	5	16
Filament, Grid, and Anode Makers and Mounters	4	7
Inspectors, Viewers, and Testers	344	208
Instrument Makers and Assemblers	607	686
Electrical Engineers and Fitters; Electricians and Wiremen	5,183	17
Linemen and Cable Jointers	1,486	30
Other Skilled Workers	658	202
X MAKERS OF WATCHES, CLOCKS, AND SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS	1,191	216
Employers and Managers	100	4
Foremen and Overlookers	22	9
Scientific Instrument Makers and Repairers	509	171
Watch, Clock, and Chronometer Makers and Repairers	544	6
Other Skilled Workers	16	26
XI WORKERS IN SKINS AND LEATHER, AND MAKERS OF LEATHER AND LEATHER SUBSTITUTE GOODS (NOT BOOTS OR SHOES)	1,820	1,260
Furriers, Skinners, Tanners, and Leather Dressers	829	594
Employers and Managers	103	4
Foremen and Overlookers (including Head Warehousemen and Chief Sorters)	23	5
Furriers, Fur Sewers and Machinists	386	417
Lime and Tan Yard Workers (not Labourers)	10	1
Curriers and Leather Dressers	89	35
Enamellers, Japanners, Dyers, Stainers, and Finishers	65	36
Other Skilled Workers	153	96
Makers of Leather and Leather Substitute Goods (not Boots and Shoes)	991	666
Employers and Managers	107	4
Foremen and Overlookers	38	12
Cutters-out	111	12
Belting Makers, Sewers, and Repairers	46	15
Saddlers and Harness Makers	237	8
Makers of Bags and Trunks	247	338
Other Skilled Workers	205	277
XII TEXTILE WORKERS	981	2,312
Employers and Managers	145	24
Foremen and Overlookers: Blowing room	2	0
Foremen and Overlookers: Sorting and Blending	1	0
Foremen and Overlookers: Carding, Combing, and Drawing	5	2
Foremen and Overlookers: Spinning and Doubling (not Silk Doubling)	15	0
Foremen and Overlookers: Winding, Warping, Slashing, or Sizing; Silk Doubling	15	2
Foremen and Overlookers: Weaving	53	7
Foremen and Overlookers: Other or Undefined	45	22
Wool Sorters	2	8
Rag and Wool Carbonisers and Washers	6	1
Breakers, Rag Grinders, Hecklers, and Willowers	11	6
Card, Comb, and Frame Tenters (not Ring, Cap, or Flyer Frame); Box Minders	14	41
Strippers and Grinders; Card Grinders, Card Room Jobbers	5	6
Spinners and Piecers (Mule, Ring, Cap or Flyer)	19	181
Doublers and Doubling Frame Tenters (not Silk); Silk Throwsters	11	127
Winders, Reelers, Beamers, Warpers, Silk Doublers	13	357
Drawers-in and Twisters-in	10	35
Sizers, Slashers, and Tapers	6	16
Weavers	76	775
Rope Makers, Layers, and Stranders	45	53
Hosiery Frame Tenters and Machine Knitters	16	228
Hand Knitters	0	32
Lace Machine Tenters and Warp Hands	0	7
Felt Formers, Batters, and Hardeners (no Hats)	6	0
Lookers and Examiners; Burlers and Menders	13	58
Bleach Croft Workers (not Labourers)	5	1
Dyers	204	34
Scourers (Woollen Cloth, Worsted, and Hosiery), Calenderers, and Finishers	73	82
Scollopers, Clippers, and Lace Warehouse Hands	1	2
Other Skilled Workers in Bleaching, Dyeing, Finishing etc.	11	9
Other Workers in Bleaching, Dyeing, Finishing etc.	6	15
Heald Knitters	0	5
Other Skilled Workers	147	176
XIII MAKERS OF TEXTILE GOODS AND ARTICLES OF DRESS	8,707	25,213
Employers and Managers	1,460	417
Foremen and Overlookers	240	503
Cutters (not Hats, Gloves or Boots) Skilled	882	136
Cutters (not Hats, Gloves or Boots) Knife or Machine	584	284
Tailors; Tailors' Pressers and Machinists	1,769	5,006
Dress and Blouse Makers	59	5,674
Corset Makers and Machinists	4	107
Embroiderers and Embroidery Machinists	17	487
Milliners	11	1,980
Hat Formers, Plankers, Stiffeners	78	13
Hat Sewers, Finishers, Trimmers	32	87
Glove (not Knitted or Rubber)-Makers, Cutters, Sewers, and Machinists	11	54
Boot and Shoe Makers and Repairers (so returned)	2,419	43
Boot, Shoe, Slipper-Clickers and Cutters	236	13
Other defined-Skilled-Boot, etc., Factory Operatives	317	248
Other Boot, etc., Factory Operatives	74	77
Clog Makers	5	8
Umbrella, Parasol-Makers, Coverers, Repairers	64	112
Sack Makers	52	174
Tarpaulin, Tent, Sail, and Other Canvass Goods-Makers, Dressers, Repairers	194	100
Sewers, Stitchers, Sewing Machinists (not elsewhere enumerated)	86	8,769
Other Skilled Workers	113	921
XIV MAKERS OF FOODS, DRINKS, AND TOBACCO	7,807	2,580
Makers of Foods	6,383	1,633
Employers and Managers	957	110
Foremen and Overlookers	421	105
Grain Millers	412	5
Bakers and Pastry Cooks (including Biscuit Makers)	3,266	186
Sugar and Sweet Boilers	272	83
Sugar Confectionery Makers, Moulders, and Coverers	124	851
Meat and Fish Curers and Smokers	128	7
Other Skilled Workers	803	286
Makers of Alcoholic Drinks	956	169
Employers and Managers	93	2
Foremen and Overlookers	107	8
Maltsters	137	1
Skilled Workers in Ale, etc., Brewing	47	1
Beer Bottlers	58	147
Cellarmen	476	3
Other Skilled Workers	38	7
Makers of Non-Alcoholic Drinks	96	43
Employers and Managers	56	2
Foremen and Overlookers	16	0
Other Skilled Workers	24	41
Makers of Tobacco, Cigars, Cigarettes, Snuff	372	735
Employers and Managers	39	3
Foremen and Overlookers	35	49
Other Skilled Workers	298	683
XV WORKERS IN WOOD AND FURNITURE	24,923	684
Workers in Wood	23,296	321
Employers and Managers	940	12
Foremen and Overlookers	607	5
Basket Makers	154	20
Cabinet Makers	2,508	28
Carpenters	12,586	5
Coach, Carriage, Van, and Cart Builders; Body Builders	964	0
Coopers, Hoop Makers and Benders	533	10
Packing Case Makers	459	132
Pattern Makers (Wood or Undefined)	288	0
Sawyers	597	3
Shipwrights and Boat and Barge Builders (Wood)	350	0
Shop Fitters (so returned)	106	0
Walking and Umbrella Stick Makers, Benders, Dressers	39	2
Wheelwrights	445	0
Wood Carvers, Picture Frame makers	232	4
Wood Turners and Machinists	1,906	53
Other Skilled Workers	582	47
Upholsterers, &c	1,627	363
Employers and Managers	127	9
Foremen and Overlookers	44	9
Bedding and Mattress Makers	73	66
Carpet and Linoleum Planners	153	1
Upholsterers, Coach Trimmers, etc.	1,230	278
XVI MAKERS OF AND WORKERS IN PAPER AND CARDBOARD; BOOKBINDERS, &c	2,086	2,917
Makers of Paper and Cardboard	353	61
Employers and Managers	41	1
Foremen and Overlookers	22	3
Vatmen and Machine Men	106	7
Other Skilled Workers	184	50
Makers of Stationery and Cardboard Boxes; Book-binders and Other Workers in Paper	1,733	2,856
Employers and Managers	213	16
Foremen, Overlookers, and Form Setters	135	67
Pressers, Stampers, Scorers, and Punchers	65	128
Envelope and Paper Bag Makers	32	328
Cardboard Box Makers	115	1,310
Bookbinders	649	485
Other Skilled Workers	524	522
XVII PRINTERS AND PHOTOGRAPHERS	10,801	1,997
Employers and Managers	881	30
Foremen and Overlookers	380	232
Compositors-Hand	1,638	29
Compositors-Machine Operatives	1,289	22
Stereotypers and Electrotypers	398	5
Process Engravers	334	7
Photographers	550	338
Lithographic Artists and Transferrers	212	11
Letterpress or Litho Printing Machine Minders and Setters	1,952	109
Letterpress or Litho Printing Machine Assistants	1,138	722
Printers (so returned)	988	149
Machine Rulers	176	25
Textile Printers	5	6
Wall Paper Printers	26	1
Oil or Floor Cloth Printers	1	0
Gold and Silver Blockers and Stampers, Bronzers	91	41
Other Skilled Workers	742	270
XVIII BUILDERS, BRICKLAYERS, STONE AND SLATE WORKERS; CONTRACTORS	33,441	51
Employers and Managers	2,522	14
Foremen and Gangers	1,618	0
Clerks of Works	204	0
Builders' Labourers	6,156	0
Bricklayers	6,042	0
Bricklayers' Labourers	1,432	0
Plasterers	2,065	0
Plasterers' Labourers	599	0
Glaziers	331	27
Slaters and Tilers	346	1
Masons; Stone Cutters, Dressers, and Carvers	544	2
Masons' Labourers	144	0
Slate Workers and Slate Masons	25	0
Platelayers	1,280	0
Paviours and Street Masons, Concretors and Asphalters	343	0
Well, Mine-Sinkers, Borers	53	0
Other Skilled Workers	1,675	5
Other Workers (mainly Navvies)	8,062	2
XIX PAINTERS AND DECORATORS	14,297	807
Employers and Managers	629	6
Foremen and Overlookers	213	5
Aerographers and Paint Sprayers	113	132
French Polishers	1,357	505
Japanners and Enamellers of Metal (including Stovers)	91	30
Paper Hangers	161	0
Pottery Dippers and Glazers	2	0
Pottery Painters and Decorators	6	0
Signwriters	398	9
Other Painters and Decorators	11,327	120
XX WORKERS IN OTHER MATERIALS	2,089	1,907
Workers in Rubber	906	1,052
Employers and Managers	62	2
Foremen and Overlookers	90	38
Mixers, Spreaders, and Moulders	246	113
Vulcanizers	62	7
Other Skilled Workers	446	892
Workers in Bone, Horn, Ivory, Celluloid, Vulcanite	646	349
Employers and Managers	38	0
Foremen and Overlookers	36	46
Turners	110	33
Other Skilled Workers	462	270
Workers in Other Materials	537	506
Employers and Managers	70	5
Foremen and Overlookers	37	20
Feather Dressers and Dyers	9	19
Drafters and Brush Makers	205	278
Other Skilled Workers	216	184
XXI WORKERS IN MIXED OR UNDEFINED MATERIALS (NOT ELSEWHERE ENUMERATED)	3,213	993
Makers of Musical Instruments (not Piano, &c., Case Makers)	785	52
Employers and Managers	64	2
Foremen and Overlookers	26	3
Action Makers, Fitters, and Assemblers	170	14
Piano Tuners	273	0
Other Skilled Workers	252	33
Makers of Vehicles (not returned as Metal Workers or Wood Workers)	397	6
Employers and Managers	30	2
Foremen and Overlookers	27	0
Repairers of Railway Wagons and Mine Trams and Tube	115	0
Other Skilled Workers	225	4
Builders of Ships and Boats (not returned as Metal Workers or Wood Workers)	505	0
Employers and Managers	45	0
Foremen and Overlookers	18	0
Shipwrights (Material not stated)	335	0
Other Skilled Workers	107	0
Makers of Other Products	1,526	935
Employers and Managers	169	11
Foremen and Overlookers	50	41
Dental Mechanics	303	11
Other Surgical or Dental Instrument and Appliance Makers	127	32
Other Skilled Workers	877	840
XXII PERSONS EMPLOYED IN TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION	89,051	3,917
Railway Transport Workers	11,274	28
Railway-Officials, Stationmasters, Yard Masters, Passenger and Goods Agent	555	0
Locomotive Engine Drivers	1,471	0
Motormen	101	0
Locomotive Engine Firemen	1,282	0
Locomotive Engine Cleaners	265	0
Guards	847	0
Signalmen	1,014	0
Shunters, Pointsmen, and Level Crossing Men	878	11
Ticket Collectors and Examiners	380	0
Porters (including Lampmen)	3,529	6
Other Railway Transport Workers	952	11
Road Transport Workers	32,271	99
Omnibus and Tramway Proprietors, Managers and Superintendents	138	3
Livery Stable Proprietors and Managers	34	5
Motor Garage Proprietors and Managers	559	15
Haulage and Cartage Contractors and Managers; Master Carmen	848	12
Inspectors and Foremen (not Horse Foremen)	605	1
Drivers and Coachmen of Coaches, Carriages and Horse Omnibuses	113	1
Drivers of Lorries, Wagons, Vans, and Carts (Horse)	4,826	11
Drivers of Self-Propelled Vehicles-Passenger	5,848	19
Drivers of Self-Propelled Vehicles-Goods	10,993	15
Tram Drivers	1,036	0
Van Boys and Van Guards	2,137	7
Omnibus and Tram Conductor	3,786	5
Horse Foremen, Grooms and Horse-keepers	974	3
Other Workers	374	2
Water Transport Workers	23,968	116
Ship-Owners, Managers, Brokers, and Agents	351	4
Harbour, Dock, Canal-Officials; Piermasters	191	0
Wharfingers and Master Stevedores	154	0
Navigating Officers and Pilots	1,107	1
Engineering Officers	897	0
Petty Officers, Seamen, and Deck Hands	2,821	0
Wireless Operators (Seagoing)	54	0
Firemen, Trimmers, Greasers, and Donkeymen	1,813	0
Pursers, Stewards, and Domestic Staff	2,553	104
Bargemen and Boatmen	1,953	3
Marine and Engineering Superintendents	87	0
Harbour, Dock, and Stevedoring Foremen	706	0
Lock Keepers; Bridge, Stage, and Pier Men	251	1
Stevedores	868	0
Coal Loaders and Dischargers	125	0
Other Dock Labourers	9,686	0
Other Workers	351	3
Other Workers in Transport and Communication	21,538	3,674
Employers and Managers	274	126
Foremen and Supervisors	568	178
Aviators	25	1
Postmen and Post Office Sorters	4,752	33
Wireless Operators (not Seagoing)	55	7
Other Telegraph Operators	867	354
Telephone Operators	434	2,346
Lift Attendants	442	72
Messengers	9,606	538
Porters (not Railway, Dock, or Domestic)	4,462	16
Other Workers	53	3
XXIII COMMERCIAL, FINANCE, AND INSURANCE OCCUPATIONS (EXCLUDING CLERKS)	74,777	23,537
Commercial Occupations	68,652	23,369
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of	18,120	4,356
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Coal	640	13
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Sugar Confectionery (Sweets)	779	637
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Grocery and Provisions	2,673	387
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Milk and Dairy Products	716	105
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Meat	1,569	49
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Fish and Poultry	911	62
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Greengrocery	1,620	191
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Tobacco	603	174
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Drugs and Druggists' Sundries	376	44
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Ironmongery	427	39
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Boots and Shoes	459	60
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Textiles and other Clothing	2,028	1,044
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Paper, Stationery, Books and Periodicals	1,032	230
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Furniture	547	42
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: General and Mixed Businesses	990	626
Proprietors and Managers of Retail Businesses for the sale of: Other Retail Businesses	2,750	653
Proprietors and Managers of Wholesale Businesses	3,449	99
Proprietors and Managers of Wholesale and Retail Businesses	319	14
Brokers, Agents, Factors (miscellaneous, not elsewhere enumerated)	1,612	83
Buyers	869	173
Commercial Travellers	7,045	79
Canvassers (not Dock, Insurance, or Railway)	1,548	325
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing	20,057	16,544
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Coal	78	15
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Sugar Confectionery (Sweets)	151	1,058
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Bread and Flour Confectionery	202	1,019
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Grocery and Provisions	4,660	1,663
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Milk and Dairy Products	191	365
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Meat	4,027	149
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Fish and Poultry	893	171
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Greengrocery	1,387	469
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Tobacco	221	509
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Drugs and Druggists' Sundries	472	359
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Ironmongery	593	196
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Boots and Shoes	490	616
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Textiles and other Clothing	2,342	5,348
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Paper, Stationery, Books and Periodicals	574	630
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Furniture	772	105
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: General and Mixed Businesses	533	385
Salesmen and Shop Assistants retailing: Other Retail Business	2,471	3,487
Salesmen and Shop Assistants in Wholesale Businesses	3,416	724
Salesmen and Shop Assistants in Wholesale and Retail Businesses	243	43
Roundsmen and Van Salesmen	6,442	36
Costermongers and Hawkers	3,204	453
Newspapers Sellers	435	12
Advertising Agents	406	17
Other Commercial Occupations	1,487	411
Persons employed in Finance and Insurance	6,125	168
Company Directors (so returned)	92	2
Bankers, Bank Officials (Heads of Departments, Managers, Inspectors)	711	3
Stock Brokers	296	0
Stock Jobbers	121	0
Insurance Officials (Heads of Departments, Managers, Inspectors)	1,129	44
Insurance Agents, Brokers, Canvassers	2,740	83
Auctioneers, Appraisers, Valuers	784	12
Money Lenders and Pawnbrokers	148	20
Other Finance and Insurance Occupations	104	4
XXIV PERSONS EMPLOYED IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE (EXCLUDING PROFESSIONAL MEN, CLERICAL STAFF, AND TYPISTS)	11,956	110
Public Administration	5,758	110
Civil Service Administrative, Executive, and Higher Clerical Officers	1,185	44
Other Civil Service Officials (excluding Clerical Staff)	401	8
Local Authority Administrative and Executive Officers	789	33
Other Local Authority Officials (excluding Clerical Staff)	220	19
Police (including Dock and Railway Police): Chief Constables, Inspectors, Superintendents	117	1
Police (including Dock and Railway Police): Other	3,046	5
Defence	6,198	0
Naval and Marine-Commissioned Officers (Effective)	33	0
Navy and Marines-Other Ratings	777	0
Army-Commissioned Officers (Effective)	324	0
Army-Other Ranks	4,472	0
Royal Air Force-Commissioned Officers (Effective)	84	0
Royal Air Force-Other Ranks	508	0
XXV PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (EXCLUDING CLERICAL STAFF)	15,144	16,253
Clergymen (Anglican Church)	680	0
Roman Catholic Priests; Monks, Nuns	148	347
Ministers of other Religious Bodies	358	6
Itinerant Preachers, Scripture Readers, Mission Workers	265	233
Church, Chapel, Cemetery-Officials	185	32
Judges, Stipendiary Magistrates, Barristers	44	1
Solicitors	494	5
Physicians, Surgeons, Registered Medical Practitioners	898	101
Dental Practitioners	354	9
Veterinary Surgeons and Practitioners	72	8
Midwives	0	383
Sick Nurses	205	4,384
Mental Attendants	589	730
Subordinate Medical Service	783	413
Teachers (not Music Teachers)	3,713	7,876
Teachers of Music	166	930
Professional Engineers: Civil Engineering and Surveying	1,041	4
Professional Engineers: Mechanical and Electrical Engineering	446	2
Professional Engineers: Mining Engineering	20	7
Architects	380	4
Ship Designers, Ship Surveyors, Naval Architects	56	2
Chartered, Incorporated, etc. Accountants	648	7
Analytical and Research Chemists; Assayers, Metallurgists	653	27
Laboratory Attendants	475	86
Articled Pupils, and Students in Works, Offices, Studios, etc.	475	26
Other Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	127	8
Authors, Editors, Journalists, Publicists	642	99
Librarians (not booksellers)	148	141
Political Association Officials	51	12
Industrial and Trade Association Officials	148	4
Social Welfare Workers	210	140
Painters, Sculptors, Engravers (Artists)	607	207
Other Professional Occupations	63	19
XXVI PERSONS PROFESSIONALLY ENGAGED IN ENTERTAINMENTS AND SPORT	3,529	760
Managers, Lessees of Theatres, Picture Theatres, Concert Halls, etc.	215	12
Theatrical, Film Hiring, and Variety Agents	7	1
Film Producers, Film Studio Managers	12	0
Showmen; Fair and Roundabout Proprietors and Managers	171	42
Proprietors and Managers of other Entertainments and Sports	86	7
Actors	195	261
Musicians	679	250
Stage Hands, Cinema and Limelight Operators	453	20
Race Horse Trainers; Jockeys and Stable Lads	13	0
Bookmakers	457	28
Other Occupations	1,241	139
XXVII PERSONS ENGAGED IN PERSONAL SERVICE (INCLUDING INSTITUTIONS, CLUBS, HOTELS, &c.)	19,544	68,881
Domestic Servants (Indoor)	2,566	45,756
Game Keepers and Game Watchers	267	0
Restaurant Keepers	1,174	805
Lodging and Boarding House Keepers	237	2,147
Matrons (not Hospital), and Stewards in Schools and Other Institutions	106	589
Inn, Hotel-Keepers; Publicans, Beersellers	2,251	624
Barmen	1,845	1,296
Waiters	922	3,702
Restaurant and Refreshment Room Counter Hands	206	917
Washers-up and Plate Cleaners	50	52
Hall and Hotel Porters; Doorkeepers and Carriage Attendants	986	45
Laundry Workers; Washers, Ironers, Manglers; Dry Cleaners	880	5,847
Managers, Attendants of Baths and Wash-houses	135	77
Barbers, Hair Dressers, Manicurists, Chiropodists	2,275	1,380
Caretakers and Office Keepers	1,196	572
Charwomen, Office Cleaners	314	3,761
Carpet Beaters, Vacuum Cleaners, Window Cleaners	1,751	16
Chimney Sweeps	246	0
Undertakers	202	9
Others in Personal Service	1,935	1,286
XXVIII CLERKS AND DRAUGHTSMEN; TYPISTS	60,655	39,609
Secretaries and Registrars of Companies, Institutions, and Charities	1,198	123
Heads of Managers of Commercial Office Departments	2,453	160
Draughtsmen	2,000	168
Costing and Estimating Clerks	1,500	303
Typists	394	16,055
Other Clerks	53,110	22,800
XXIX WAREHOUSEMEN, STOREKEEPERS AND PACKERS	13,458	8,336
Warehousemen	5,729	269
Storekeepers	2,178	121
Warehouse and Storekeepers' Assistants (so returned-not Lace Warehouse Hands)	1,984	760
Packers: Hookers, Lappers, Makers-up and Plaiters	76	47
Packers: China and Glass Packers	94	67
Packers: Furniture Packers	226	3
Packers: Other Packers, Wrappers, Labellers, Ticketers	3,171	7,069
XXX STATIONARY ENGINE DRIVERS, DYNAMO AND MOTOR ATTENDANTS	6,263	17
Stationary Engine and Crane Drivers: Underground in Mines	10	0
Stationary Engine and Crane Drivers: Other	2,722	7
Boiler Firemen and Stokers	1,886	1
Boiler Scalers	672	0
Gas Producer Men	74	0
Dynamo, Motor, and Switchboard Attendants: Underground in Mines	4	0
Dynamo, Motor, and Switchboard Attendants: Other	530	8
Oilers and Greasers of Engines and Machinery: Underground in Mines	1	0
Oilers and Greasers of Engines and Machinery: Other	364	1
XXXI OTHER UNDEFINED WORKERS	66,783	9,763
Employers and Managers	173	7
Foremen and Overlookers	1,410	56
Time Keepers	692	17
Watchmen	1,837	2
Fire Brigade Officers and Men	593	0
Slingers and Riggers	217	0
Sand Blasters	49	2
Skilled Labourers (Occupation not determinable)	62	0
Rag, Bone, Bottle, etc., Sorters	111	121
General Labourers (so described)	31,264	156
Labourers (so described)	6,224	68
Other Unskilled Workers (Class of Work specified)	20,820	7,983
Out of Work (Usual Occupation not specified)	2,206	1,301
Officials (not Clerks) of Foreign Governments	2	0
All Other Occupations	1,123	50
XXXII RETIRED OR NOT GAINFULLY OCCUPIED	60,925	487,859
Students in Educational Institutions, etc.	12,044	11,449
Persons following an Occupation outside the United Kingdom: In the Irish Free State	11	1
Persons following an Occupation outside the United Kingdom: Elsewhere	348	50
Retired from Previous Gainful Occupation	37,221	7,170
Other Persons (no Gainful Occupation stated)	11,301	469,189

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

Using data from this table, Vision of Britain can map the following rates for within Essex AdmC:

Rate	Date
Female Activity Rate	1931
Male Unemployment	1931

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

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