Vision of Ireland | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Hackney RegD/PLU table	West Hackney SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	284	38
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	127	35
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	60	2
Prison Service, &c.	1	-
Police	68	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	19	-
Other Local or County Official	8	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	16	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	-	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	3	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	3	-
Army Pensioner	6	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	2	-
Seaman, R.N.	2	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	563	466
Clergymen (Established Church)	21	1
Roman Catholic Priest	4	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	11	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	7	5
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	7
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	9	4
Barrister, Solicitor	32	-
Law Student	2	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	161	2
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	21	-
Dentist	6	2
Medical Student, Assistant	16	1
Midwife	-	2
Subordinate Medical Service	4	101
Schoolmaster	69	148
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	9	99
School Service, and others connected with teaching	5	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	17	2
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	15	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	4	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	2	-
Civil Engineer	11	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	12	-
Painter (artist)	14	11
Engraver (artist)	17	1
Sculptor	2	-
Architect	24	-
Musician, Music Master	21	53
Art Student	7	6
Photographer	19	13
Actor	7	6
Art, Music, Theatre Service	2	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	9	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	223	2,784
Domestic Coachman, Groom	52	2
Domestic Gardener	27	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	37	2,210
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	1	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	85	52
Office Keeper (not Government)	3	1
Cook (not domestic)	9	2
Charwoman	1	178
Washing and Bathing Service	7	337
Hospital and Institution Service	-	2
Others engaged in Service	1	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	1,932	51
Merchant	33	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	143	3
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	34	-
Accountant	58	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	6	3
Commercial Traveller	288	4
Commercial Clerk	1,141	33
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	6	-
Banker	1	-
Bank Service	121	3
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	3	1
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	98	3
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	786	15
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	3	-
Railway Guard	2	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	2	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	141	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	10	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	98	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	192	2
Tramway Companies' Service	17	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	7	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	26	-
Ship Steward, Cook	7	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	25	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	72	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	176	2
Telegraph, Telephone Service	6	10
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	70	13
Farmer, Grazier	8	1
Farm Bailiff	2	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	18	6
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	2	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	17	6
Gardener (not domestic)	22	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	70	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	45	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	15	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	4	1
Drover	1	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
Fisherman	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	2	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	402	40
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	43	3
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	4	-
Bookbinder	53	31
Printer	247	4
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	20	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	32	1
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	2	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	1	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	241	21
Engine, Machine Maker	33	3
Millwright	5	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	19	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	2	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Saw Maker	3	-
Pin Maker	-	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	53	2
Philosophical Instrument Maker	21	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	16	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	11	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	7	4
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	1	2
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	43	4
Type Cutter, Founder	7	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	7	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	7	4
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	3	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,520	82
Builder	119	1
Carpenter, Joiner	296	3
Bricklayer	238	2
Mason	80	2
Slater, Tiler	4	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	57	-
Paperhanger	18	-
Plumber	66	-
Painter, Glazier	245	-
Cabinet Maker	212	14
French Polisher	25	4
Furniture Broker, Dealer	15	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	14	1
Gas Fitter	36	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	17	1
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	14	3
Wood Carver	21	-
Carver, Gilder	28	1
Dealer in Works of Art	5	1
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	1	-
Artificial Flower Maker	9	49
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	82	6
Coachmaker	28	-
Wheelwright	27	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	2	1
Others	4	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	21	5
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	7	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	2	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	1	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	1	-
Sail Maker	3	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	84	9
Dye, Paint Manufacture	4	-
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	1	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	60	-
Manufacturing Chemist	13	9
Drysalter	5	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	65	8
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	59	6
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	6	2
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	836	119
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	59	11
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	35
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	22	7
Maltster	1	-
Brewer	14	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	14	-
Cellarman	15	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	38	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	64	7
Cheesemonger, Butterman	31	4
Butcher, Meat Salesman	113	5
Provision Curer, Dealer	36	3
Poulterer, Game Dealer	10	-
Fishmonger	54	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	22	1
Baker	93	10
Confectioner, Pastrycook	39	18
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	54	7
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	6	2
Sugar Refiner	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	143	7
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	7	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	391	222
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	16	2
Flannel Manufacture	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	18	1
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	20	3
Silk Dyer, Printer	1	-
Ribbon Manufacture	1	1
Crepe, Gauze Manufacture	2	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	16	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	2	7
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	9	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	5	20
Thread Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Mat Maker, Seller	1	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	-	2
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	3	4
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	12	-
Manchester Warehouseman	19	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	208	139
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	32	13
Trimming Maker, Dealer	20	14
Embroiderer	1	16
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	529	1,089
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	23	2
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	7	8
Tailor	147	50
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	50	779
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	25	127
Hosiery Manufacture	8	3
Hosier, Haberdasher	46	71
Glover, Glove Maker	6	-
Button Maker, Dealer	3	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	156	40
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	24	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	31	5
Accoutrement Maker	2	2
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	2
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	194	86
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	3	1
Soap Boiler, Maker	2	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	8	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	23	-
Comb Maker	1	-
Others	7	8
Furrier, Skinner	46	25
Tanner, Fellmonger	1	-
Currier	22	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	27	5
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	5	4
Brush, Broom, Maker	40	22
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	9	21
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	290	91
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	4	3
Oil and Colourman	34	5
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Japanner	4	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	4	-
Others	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	5	1
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	31	2
Sawyer	15	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	16	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	10	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	20	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	4	-
Others	1	-
Paper Manufacture	12	1
Envelope Maker	1	8
Stationer, Law Stationer	95	31
Card, Pattern Card Maker	2	-
Paper Stainer	5	1
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	13	34
Ticket, Label Writer	5	3
Others	5	2
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	444	25
Coal Miner	1	-
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	15	-
Coalheaver	25	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	30	1
Stone Quarrier	2	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	10	2
Slate Worker, Dealer	3	-
Limeburner	2	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	1
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	2	1
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	10	1
Paviour	1	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	17	-
Platelayer	13	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	14	-
Others	2	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	3	-
Glass Manufacture	18	1
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	14	3
Salt Maker, Dealer	2	-
Waterworks Service	3	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	81	4
Gold, Silver, Beater	3	2
Others	5	3
[Iron Manufacture]	18	1
Blacksmith	33	-
Whitesmith	4	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	31	1
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	9	1
[Coppersmith]	4	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	24	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	4	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	7	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	17	-
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	3	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	7	1
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	2	-
Fancy Chain, Gilt Toy Maker	-	1
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	480	180
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	47	42
Pawnbroker	23	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	24	5
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	16	3
Contractor (undefined)	7	-
General Labourer	263	4
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	19	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	55	30
Apprentice (undefined)	7	8
Factory Labourer (undefined)	17	3
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	2	85
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	42	1
Town Drainage Service	3	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	16	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	21	1
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	2	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	219	1,158
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	219	1,158
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	168	6,173
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	18	8
[Blank field, or illegible]	150	6,165

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)