Birthplaces

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F. —BIRTHPLACES.

THE birthplaces of the populations of the counties and cities, and of those burghs in which the population numbers more than 20,000, are tabulated in Tables XXV. (a) and XXV. (6) of Volume I., and the collected figures relating to the whole of Scotland are tabulated in this volume, and may be seen in Table XXXVIII. The arrangement of Tables XXV. (a and 6) in Volume I. differs from that of Table XXXVIII. in this Volume, in that in the former the population is distributed according to place of birth, while in the latter those of one birthplace are distributed according to place of enumeration. In both tables the populations are further distributed into sexes, and into over and under twenty years of age.

Of the total population of Scotland, 4,365,855, or 91.70 per cent., are returned as having been born in Scotland; 161,650, or 3.40 per cent., in England; 3,452, or 0.07 per cent., in Wales; 174,715, or 3.67 per cent., in Ireland; and 55,232, or 1.16 per cent., in countries other than Scotland, England, Wales, and Ireland. In 3,382 cases, or 0.07 per cent. of the total, the birthplace was not stated, but it was assumed that the persons were, born in Scotland, and the above figure, 4,365,855, is inclusive of this 3,382. Those having birthplaces outwith Scotland, England, Wales, and Ireland, include 1,105, or 0.02 per cent., born in the Isle of Man or in the Channel Islands; 17,890, or 0.38 per cent., born in British Colonies or Dependencies; 9,072, or 0.19 per cent., British subjects born in foreign countries; 1,798, or 0.04 per cent., foreigners subsequently naturalised; 24,739, or 0.52 per cent., foreigners not naturalised; and 628, or 0.0l per cent., born at sea. (Table XXXVIII.)

If these figures be compared with those of the Census of 1901, the most striking facts are marked increases in the numbers of English-born1 persons and of foreigners, and marked decreases in the numbers of Irish-born persons and of British subjects born abroad. Those of English1 birth number 31,079, or 23.2 per cent., more than in 1901, and those of foreign birth, other than British subjects born abroad, 7,596, or 40.1 per cent., more; while those of Irish birth number 30,349, or 14.8 per cent., less, and British subjects born abroad, 1,845, or 16.9 per cent., less. Of the persons of foreign birth, the increase in the number of those subsequently naturalised amounts to 511, or 3.7 per cent., and of those not naturalised to 7,085, or 401 per cent. The increase among those of English1 birth is partly accounted for by the fact that certain ships of His Majesty's Navy were in Scottish waters on Census day, their crews being largely composed of Englishmen. 1 But this does not wholly explain the increase, or even the greater part of it, for the crews amounted to 7,828, and deducting that number from the total increase of English-born1 there is still a remainder amounting to 23,251, and this number is equivalent to an increase of 17.3 per cent. on the number of English1 enumerated in 1901. (Table. F2)


English. — Of the persons of English1 birth enumerated in Scotland, the largest numbers are found in the following counties: —Lanark, 51,148, or 31.0 per cent.; Edinburgh, 26,493, or 16.0 per cent.; Renfrew, 12,621, or 7.6 per cent.; Fife, 8,598, or 5.2 per cent.; and Aberdeen, 7,171, or 4.3 per cent. In Glasgow those of English1 birth number 29,724, and constitute 3.79 per cent. of the population; in Edinburgh they number 19,333, and constitute 6.04 per cent. of the population; in Dundee they number 4,693, and constitute 2.84 per cent. of the population; and in Aberdeen they number 6,303, and constitute 3.85 per cent. of the population. In the counties, the largest intercensal increases in those of English1 birth are found in Renfrew, 5,722; in Lanark, 4,398; in Ross and Cromarty, 3,555; in Fife, 3,598; in Edinburgh, 2,495; in Argyll, 1,914; and in Dumbarton, 1,776. The increases in Ross and Cromarty and in Argyll are attributable to the enumeration of Naval shipping in these counties.


Irish,— Of the persons of Irish birth enumerated in Scotland, the largest numbers are found in Lanark, 100,294; Renfrew, 21,571; Dumbarton, 10,115; Edinburgh, 9,235; and Ayr, 8,390. The percentage which those of Irish birth form of the total is highest in Dumbarton. 7.23; Lanark, 6.93; Renfrew, 6.86; Linlithgow, 4.89; and Ayr, 3.13; and is lowest in Sutherland, 0.13; Orkney, 0.15; and Banff, 0.19. The only county in which there has been a marked increase among those of Irish birth is Fife, where in 1901 they numbered 2,062, and now number 4,264. The largest decreases are found in the Counties of Lanark, 20,891, or 17.2 per cent.; Renfrew, 3,778, or 14.9 per cent.; Edinburgh, 2,750, or 22.9 per cent.; and Ayr, 2,242, or 21.1 per cent. In the City of Glasgow persons of Irish birth number 52,828, constitute 6.7 per cent. of the population, and are 14,784, or 2P9 per cent., fewer than in 1901. In the City of Edinburgh they number 5,360, constitute 17 per cent. of the population, and are 1,663, or 23.7 per cent., less than in 1901. In the City of Aberdeen they number 527, constitute 0.3 per cent., of the population, and are 61, or 10.4 per cent., less than in 1901. In the City of Dundee they number 3,398, constitute 2.1 per cent. of the population, and are 1,935, or 36.3 per cent., less than in 1901.


Foreigners. —Of persons of foreign birth, including those who are naturalised British subjects, the largest numbers are found in the Counties of Lanark, 14,258; Edinburgh, 4,030; Ayr, 1,368; and Fife, 1,184; and the largest percentages which those of foreign birth constitute of the total populations are, in Shetland, 1.03; Lanark, 0.99; Edinburgh, 0.79; Linlithgow, 0.55; and Ayr, 0.51. Of the foreigners enumerated in the County of Edinburgh, 2,720, or 67.5 per cent., were in the City of Edinburgh, and of those enumerated in the County of Lanark, 8,888, or 62.3 per cent., were in the City of Glasgow, The only counties in which there are intercensal decreases in the numbers of foreigners, are Berwick, Dumbarton, and Peebles, increases being found in all others. The largest increases are found in Lanark, 3,563; Edinburgh, 744; Fife, 521; and Ayr, 459. In Glasgow the increase amounts to 1,546, and in Edinburgh to 422.

A further tabulation of censal facts concerning those of foreign birth will be given in the third volume of this report, where their nationalities, ages, and occupations will be considered


Internal Migration. —The tabulation of the birthplaces of the population gives an indication of the nature and amount of internal migration in Scotland—i.e., movement of population from one county to another. For this branch of the subject Tables F3 and F4 have been constructed. These tables deal exclusively with persons of twenty years of age and over, as those of a younger age are affected only in a minor degree by these migrations.

In Scotland, the total number of males of twenty years of age and upwards, and of Scottish birth, is 1,125,239, and the corresponding number of females is 1,313,421. Of the males, 730,219 were enumerated within the counties of their births, and were presumably residing there, and of the females, the corresponding number is 852,449. Accordingly, 64.89 per cent. of this male population, and 64.90 per cent. of this female population, are residing in the counties of their births, while 35.11 per cent. of this male population, and 35.10 per cent. of this female population, have migrated into other counties. The almost absolute equality of the male and the female rates is a striking feature.

The amount of migration, as thus tested, varies widely in the counties. Taking the figures relating to males, it is found that the percentage remaining in their own counties ranges from 79.4 in Lanark, 79.1 in Shetland, 73.0 in Orkney, 71.9 in Aberdeen, 707 in Edinburgh, and 687 in Forfar, to 25.3 in Kinross, 33.8 in Peebles, 37.3 in Kincardine, 407 in Nairn, 42.8 in Haddington, and 44.9 in Clackmannan. Taking the figures relating to females, it is found that this percentage ranges from 80.9 in Shetland, 77.2 in Lanark, 75.8 in Forfar, 74.1 in Aberdeen, 71.9 in Edinburgh, and 70.1 in Orkney, to 27.1 in Kinross, 36.3 in Peebles, 36.8 in Kincardine, 40.2 in Linlithgow, 407 in Haddington, and 41.2 in Nairn.

The six counties in which the rates of migration are lowest, or, conversely, those in which the proportion remaining in the home county is highest, include the four counties containing the four large cities, Glasgow. Edinburgh, Dundee, and Aberdeen, and the two northern insular counties, Orkney and Shetland. The counties of Kinross, Peebles, Kincardine, Nairn, and Haddington are among the six from which the largest proportion of both sexes migrate, and in which the smallest number remain, the sixth in which these conditions occur among males being. Clackmannan, and among females, Linlithgow. These seven counties include the four counties of least size, Clackmannan, Kinross. Linlithgow, and Nairn; the three counties of least population. Kinross, Nairn, and Peebles; and the counties of Kincardine and Haddington, both of which are in the proximity of a large city.

These Tables—E3 and F4—not only show the amount of migration which has taken place from the counties, but also indicate the localities within Scotland to which the largest numbers move. For instance, they show that of the males born in Ayrshire and continuing in Scotland, 59.9 per cent. remain in the county of their birth, while 401 per cent. migrate to other counties, and that of those who thus migrate the largest numbers (17,211 or 22.3 per cent. of the total) are found In Lanarkshire, while considerable numbers are found in Dumbarton (1.7 per cent.), Edinburgh (1.7 per cent.), Fife (1.4 per cent.), Renfrew (6.1 per cent.), and Stirling (1.5 per cent.), but only very small numbers, less than 0.1 per cent., in such counties as Banff, Caithness, Elgin, and Kincardine. Taking, as another instance, the females of the County of Orkney, the tables show that of those born there, 70.1 per cent. remain in their own county, while 29.9 per cent. migrate to other counties, and that of those migrating the largest numbers are found in Edinburgh (14.8 per cent.), while Lanark and Aberdeen are the only other counties in which more than 1.0 per cent. are found.

Lanarkshire, including Glasgow, is the county to which the largest numbers of both sexes migrate from the following fifteen counties: —Aberdeen, Argyll, Ayr, Bute, Clackmannan, Dumbarton, Dumfries, Edinburgh, Elgin, Forfar, Inverness, Renfrew, Ross and Cromarty, Stirling, and Wigtown. In the case of three counties, Linlithgow, Perth, and Sutherland, the largest numbers of the migrated males are found in Lanark, but the largest numbers of the females in other counties, those of Linlithgow and Sutherland in Edinburgh, and those of Perth in Forfar. In the case of nine counties the migrated of both sexes are found in largest numbers in Edinburgh, the counties in question being Berwick, Caithness, Fife, Haddington, Orkney, Peebles, Roxburgh, Selkirk, and Shetland. The largest numbers of the migrated of both sexes of Kincardine are found in Forfar, of Kinross in Fife, of Lanark in Renfrew, of Kirkcudbright in Dumfries, and of Nairn in Inverness. The largest number of the migrated males of Banff is found in Aberdeen, and of the females in Lanark.

From the Highland counties, with large insular populations, the migration is found to be principally to the County of Lanark. Of the males born in Argyll, 53.3 per cent. remain in the county of their birth, while 46.7 per cent. migrate to other counties, the largest proportion of the latter, 22.4 per cent., being found in Lanark. Of the males born in Inverness, 58.3 per cent. are found in the county of their birth, and 41.7 per cent. in other counties, 14.5 per cent. being found in Lanark Of the males born in Ross and Cromarty, 64.9 per cent. are found in the county of their birth, 35.1 per cent. in other Scottish counties, including 9.4 per cent. in Lanark. Of the females born in Argyll, 47.6 per cent. are found in the county of their birth, 25.2 per cent. in Lanark, and 27.2 per cent. in other Scottish counties. Of those born in Inverness, 57.1 per cent. are found in their own county, 13.3 per cent. in Lanark, and 29.6 per cent. in other Scottish counties. Of those born in Ross and Cromarty, 65.2 per cent. are found in their own county, 9.3 per cent. in Lanark, and 25.5 per cent. in other Scottish counties.

The counties which send the largest proportions of their male populations to the City of Glasgow are Argyll, Bute, and Dumbarton, over 14.0 per cent. of each being found there, and those sending the largest proportion to the City of Edinburgh, are Haddington, Peebles, and Selkirk, more than 11.0 per cent. of each being found there. Of females born in Argyll, 17.0 per cent. are found in Glasgow, and of those born in Bute and Dumbarton, 16.5 per cent. and 15.9 per cent., respectively, are found there. Of females born in Haddington, 20.4 per cent. are found in the City of Edinburgh, as are 16.4 per cent. of those born in Peebles, and 13.1 per cent. of those born in Berwick.

The censal figures give no indication of the amount of emigration from the counties to places outwith Scotland, and the above deductions and conclusions apply exclusively to the portion of the population born in Scotland that remains in the country. In reading the foregoing paragraphs, and in scrutinising the figures in Tables F3 and F4, it is essential to bear in mind that they refer exclusively to persons who, on Census day, were twenty years of age or more, and attention is again directed to this limitation.


1 These references to persons of English birth are to be understood as comprising persons born in Wales as well as those born in England.



TABLE F1.—DISTRIBUTION BY BIRTHPLACES OF THE POPULATION IN THE COUNTIES AND OF THE LARGER BURGHS

TABLE F2.—INTERCENSAL CHANGE IN NUMBERS OF ENGLISH AND WELSH, IRISH, AND FOREIGNERS.

TABLE F3.—DISTRIBUTION WITHIN SCOTLAND OF MALES, TWENTY YEARS OF AGE AND UPWARDS, BORN IN EACH COUNTRY OF SCOTLAND IN ENGLAND AND WALES, IN IRELAND AND IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES (NOT BEING NATURAL-BORN BRITISH SUBJECTS).

TABLE F4.—DISTRIBUTION WITHIN SCOTLAND OF FEMALES, TWENTY YEARS OF AGE AND UPWARDS, BORN IN EACH COUNTRY OF SCOTLAND IN ENGLAND AND WALES, IN IRELAND AND IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES (NOT BEING NATURAL-BORN BRITISH SUBJECTS).

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