1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Kent RegC table Elham RegD/PLU
OCCUPATIONS. Males.
[1]
Females.
[2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY. 142 Show data context 11 Show data context
  Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described) 2 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Civil Service (officers and clerks) 38 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Civil Service (messengers, &c.) 23 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Prison Service, &c. 1 Show data context -
  Police 46 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer 12 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Other Local or County Official 18 Show data context -
  East Indian and Colonial Service 2 Show data context -
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY. 1,504 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Army Officer (effective/retired) 156 Show data context -
  Soldier and Non-commissioned officer 1,210 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers 20 Show data context -
  Army Pensioner 24 Show data context -
  Navy Officer (effective/retired) 9 Show data context -
  Seaman, R.N. 53 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Royal Marines (officers/men) 13 Show data context -
  Navy Pensioner 19 Show data context -
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES). 294 Show data context 370 Show data context
  Clergymen (Established Church) 33 Show data context -
  Roman Catholic Priest 4 Show data context -
  Minister, Priest of other religious bodies 10 Show data context -
  Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher 4 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Nun, Sister of Charity - 32 Show data context
  Theological Student 2 Show data context -
  Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant 2 Show data context -
  Barrister, Solicitor 20 Show data context -
  Law Clerk, and others connected with the law 22 Show data context -
  Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner 21 Show data context -
  Dentist 6 Show data context -
  Medical Student, Assistant 3 Show data context -
  Midwife - 2 Show data context
  Subordinate Medical Service - 84 Show data context
  Schoolmaster 64 Show data context 118 Show data context
  Teacher, Professor, Lecturer 13 Show data context 102 Show data context
  School Service, and others connected with teaching 1 Show data context 4 Show data context
  Author, Editor, Journalist 2 Show data context -
  Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits 1 Show data context -
  Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c. 1 Show data context -
  Civil Engineer 10 Show data context -
  Mining Engineer 1 Show data context -
  Land, House, Ship, Surveyor 2 Show data context -
  Painter (artist) 2 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Architect 11 Show data context -
  Musician, Music Master 28 Show data context 17 Show data context
  Art Student 1 Show data context -
  Photographer 18 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Actor 2 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Art, Music, Theatre Service 1 Show data context -
  Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service 1 Show data context -
  Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service 8 Show data context 2 Show data context
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES. 408 Show data context 2,931 Show data context
  Domestic Coachman, Groom 93 Show data context -
  Domestic Gardener 41 Show data context -
  Domestic Indoor Servant 177 Show data context 2,457 Show data context
  Inn, Hotel Servant 73 Show data context 31 Show data context
  Cook (not domestic) 6 Show data context -
  Charwoman 1 Show data context 113 Show data context
  Washing and Bathing Service 13 Show data context 325 Show data context
  Hospital and Institution Service 2 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Others engaged in Service 2 Show data context -
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS. 148 Show data context 15 Show data context
  Merchant 11 Show data context -
  Broker, Agent, Factor 12 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent 15 Show data context -
  Accountant 7 Show data context -
  Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified) - 1 Show data context
  Commercial Traveller 7 Show data context -
  Commercial Clerk 63 Show data context 13 Show data context
  Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c. 2 Show data context -
  Banker 5 Show data context -
  Bank Service 13 Show data context -
  Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent 1 Show data context -
  Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service 12 Show data context -
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES. 900 Show data context 16 Show data context
  Railway Engine Driver, Stoker 13 Show data context -
  Railway Guard 3 Show data context -
  Pointsman, Level Crossing Man 3 Show data context -
  Other Railway Officials and Servants 102 Show data context 8 Show data context
  Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper - 1 Show data context
  Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper 18 Show data context -
  Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic) 89 Show data context -
  Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier 138 Show data context -
  Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c. 12 Show data context -
  Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman 9 Show data context -
  Navigation Service (on shore) 2 Show data context -
  Seaman (Merchant Service) 370 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Pilot 11 Show data context -
  Ship Steward, Cook 14 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Boatman on Seas 2 Show data context -
  Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service 19 Show data context -
  Warehouseman (not Manchester) 3 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government) 87 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Telegraph, Telephone Service 5 Show data context 1 Show data context
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE. 1,479 Show data context 24 Show data context
  Farmer, Grazier 171 Show data context 9 Show data context
  Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew 51 Show data context -
  Farm Bailiff 32 Show data context -
  Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager 1,028 Show data context 15 Show data context
  Shepherd 32 Show data context -
  Land Drainage Service (not in towns) 1 Show data context -
  Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant 8 Show data context -
  Woodman 9 Show data context -
  Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist 5 Show data context -
  Gardener (not domestic) 142 Show data context -
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS. 218 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker 56 Show data context -
  Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier 11 Show data context -
  Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman 5 Show data context -
  Drover 2 Show data context -
  Gamekeeper 11 Show data context -
  Fisherman 133 Show data context 3 Show data context
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS. 56 Show data context 7 Show data context
  Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian 17 Show data context 7 Show data context
  Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer 2 Show data context -
  Bookbinder 2 Show data context -
  Printer 34 Show data context -
  Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper 1 Show data context -
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS. 77 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Engine, Machine Maker 13 Show data context -
  Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine) 25 Show data context -
  Boiler Maker 10 Show data context -
  Cutler, Scissors Maker 2 Show data context -
  Domestic Implement Maker 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Watch Maker, Clock Maker 20 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Philosophical Instrument Maker 1 Show data context -
  Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer 3 Show data context -
  Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker 1 Show data context -
  Toy Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS. 994 Show data context 9 Show data context
  Builder 40 Show data context -
  Carpenter, Joiner 348 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Bricklayer 223 Show data context -
  Mason 27 Show data context -
  Slater, Tiler 1 Show data context -
  Plasterer, Whitewasher 68 Show data context -
  Paperhanger 9 Show data context -
  Plumber 58 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Painter, Glazier 142 Show data context -
  Cabinet Maker 47 Show data context 5 Show data context
  French Polisher 5 Show data context -
  Furniture Broker, Dealer 3 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Locksmith, Bellhanger 1 Show data context -
  Gas Fitter 19 Show data context -
  Carver, Gilder 2 Show data context -
  Artificial Flower Maker 1 Show data context -
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS. 72 Show data context -
  Coachmaker 28 Show data context -
  Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker 1 Show data context -
  Wheelwright 18 Show data context -
  Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker 25 Show data context -
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS. 25 Show data context -
  Ship, Boat, Barge Builder 5 Show data context -
  Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore) 15 Show data context -
  Sail Maker 5 Show data context -
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS. 28 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Chemist, Druggist 24 Show data context -
  Manufacturing Chemist 3 Show data context -
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES. 13 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist 9 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker 4 Show data context -
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING. 723 Show data context 246 Show data context
  Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican 99 Show data context 20 Show data context
  Lodging, Boarding House Keeper 46 Show data context 181 Show data context
  Coffee, Eating House, Keeper 8 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Maltster 2 Show data context -
  Brewer 22 Show data context -
  Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer 8 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Cellarman 10 Show data context -
  Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent 13 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Milkseller, Dairyman 31 Show data context -
  Butcher, Meat Salesman 86 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Provision Curer, Dealer 4 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Poulterer, Game Dealer 4 Show data context -
  Fishmonger 45 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer 12 Show data context -
  Corn Miller 35 Show data context -
  Baker 100 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Confectioner, Pastrycook 11 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Greengrocer, Fruiterer 28 Show data context 13 Show data context
  Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer 155 Show data context 11 Show data context
  Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer 4 Show data context -
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS. 80 Show data context 57 Show data context
  Woollen Cloth Manufacture - 1 Show data context
  Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture 1 Show data context -
  Silk Merchant, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Lace Manufacturer, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined) - 1 Show data context
  Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer 76 Show data context 49 Show data context
  Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer 1 Show data context 6 Show data context
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS. 229 Show data context 402 Show data context
  Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture - 2 Show data context
  Tailor 96 Show data context 7 Show data context
  Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker - 356 Show data context
  Shirt Maker, Seamstress 2 Show data context 33 Show data context
  Hosier, Haberdasher 7 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer 109 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Wig Maker, Hair Dresser 13 Show data context -
  Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer 2 Show data context -
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES. 7 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture 2 Show data context -
  Furrier, Skinner 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Currier 1 Show data context -
  Brush, Broom, Maker 1 Show data context -
  Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer 2 Show data context 1 Show data context
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. 64 Show data context 8 Show data context
  Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Oil and Colourman 3 Show data context -
  Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker 6 Show data context -
  Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Thatcher 2 Show data context -
  Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer 13 Show data context -
  Sawyer 16 Show data context -
  Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker 5 Show data context -
  Wood Turner, Box Maker 1 Show data context -
  Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender 1 Show data context -
  Paper Manufacture 2 Show data context -
  Stationer, Law Stationer 9 Show data context 8 Show data context
  Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker 1 Show data context -
  Others 3 Show data context -
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES. 343 Show data context 7 Show data context
  Coal Miner 4 Show data context -
  Miner, in other or undefined Minerals 1 Show data context -
  Coal Merchant 15 Show data context -
  Coalheaver 15 Show data context -
  Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Gas Works Service 18 Show data context -
  Stone Quarrier 7 Show data context -
  Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Limeburner 7 Show data context -
  Plaster, Cement Manufacture 8 Show data context -
  Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer 46 Show data context -
  Paviour 2 Show data context -
  Road Labourer 6 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Platelayer 19 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Railway Labourer, Navvy 40 Show data context -
  Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture 1 Show data context -
  Glass Manufacture 1 Show data context -
  Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer 5 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Waterworks Service 2 Show data context -
  Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller 6 Show data context -
  [Iron Manufacture] 3 Show data context -
  Blacksmith 97 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Whitesmith 10 Show data context -
  Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant 20 Show data context -
  Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer 8 Show data context -
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES. 1,023 Show data context 76 Show data context
  General Shopkeeper, Dealer 39 Show data context 25 Show data context
  Pawnbroker 2 Show data context -
  Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller 21 Show data context 11 Show data context
  Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined) 11 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Contractor (undefined) 2 Show data context -
  General Labourer 839 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural) 57 Show data context -
  Artizan, Mechanic (undefined) 28 Show data context 27 Show data context
  Apprentice (undefined) 16 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Factory Labourer (undefined) 6 Show data context -
  Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined) 2 Show data context 4 Show data context
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS. 5 Show data context -
  Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant 5 Show data context -
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS. 221 Show data context 1,057 Show data context
  Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation 221 Show data context 1,057 Show data context
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION] 236 Show data context 5,203 Show data context
  [Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning] 6 Show data context 2 Show data context
  [Blank field, or illegible] 230 Show data context 5,201 Show data context

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1 This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2 In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3 NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4 The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5 Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6 In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.


Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)