Occupations of Persons born in England, Wales and Ireland

Next Selection Previous Selection


REPORT


on the

TWELFTH CENSUS OF SCOTLAND

(1911)




A.—OCCUPATIONS OF PERSONS OF ENGLISH, WELSH, AND
IRISH BIRTH ENUMERATED IN SCOTLAND.


On pages 3 to 42 there is given a tabulation of the stated occupations of English, Welsh, and Irish people enumerated in Scotland, or, more strictly, of those whose stated birthplaces were in England, Wales, or Ireland, for no doubt there were many with English, Welsh, or Irish birthplaces but claiming Scottish nationality, and many with Scottish birthplaces but claiming English, Welsh, or Irish nationality. Census information does not permit of strict classification according to nationality, and consequently the place of birth falls to be used as an approximate indication of it.

Persons of English and Welsh birth enumerated in Scotland numbered 165,102, and those of Irish birth, 174,715, the former constituting 3.47 per cent., and the latter 3.67 per cent., of the total population. Compared with the corresponding returns of 1901, those of English and Welsh birth were found to be 31,079, or 23.2 per cent, more, but those of Irish birth were found to be 30,349, or 14.8 per cent., fewer. The large increase in the number of those of English and Welsh birth, and the approximately equal decrease in the number of those of Irish birth, are commented on in the Second Volume of this Report.

Of the total population of Scotland, 30.96 per cent, consists of males often years of age and upwards having remunerative occupations, and 12.46 percent, of females of these ages and with occupations. Of those of English or Welsh birthplace 67,733, or 41.02 per cent., and 19,186, or 11.62 per cent., are occupied males and females respectively of these ages. Occupied males among those of Irish birth number 88,809, and females, 15,459, the former constituting 50.83, and the latter 8.85, per cent, of the total. This comparison shows that in both the English and Welsh and the Irish sections of the population the proportion of occupied males is larger than it is in the total population, but that no such excess is found among the females. This result is only what might have been anticipated, for naturally it is the male population of working ages which is most affected by migration.

In the tables on pages 3 to 42 the information is so arranged as to show not only the numbers engaged in the various occupations, but also the distribution by cities and counties of those so employed, and these tables are summarised in respect of the numbers in the various occupations in Tables A and B. In these latter tables the various occupations for purposes of convenience are grouped into classes, but in reading the tables and the text it should be borne in mind that although these classes have names suggestive of their being complete " Industries " as dealt with in Volume II., such is not the case, the classes being mere groups of occupations, and no attempt having been made to allocate the occupied according to the particular industries — defined as "the occupations of the employers "—to which they are attached.

The groups of occupations including the largest numbers of occupied males of English and Welsh birth, and the numbers in them, are manufacture of iron and other metals, 12,599; Royal Navy, 7,373; commerce, 4,208; mining, 3,809; domestic service, including outdoor domestic service and service in hotels, eating-houses, etc., 3,775; army, 2,389; building trades, 2,332; and agriculture, 2,055; and those containing the largest numbers of males of Irish birth are manufacture of iron and other metals, 24,813; mining, 11,909; general labourers, 6,019; building trades. 4,963; road transport, 3,492; agriculture, 3,232; railway service, 3,071; docks, 2,985; and Local Government Service, including gaswork and sanitary services, 2,924.

TABLE A.—OCCUPATIONS OF MALES OF ALL BIRTHPLACES
AND OF ENGLISH OR WELSH AND IRISH BIRTH.

OCCUPATIONS OR GROUPS OF
OCCUPATIONS.
NUMBER OF OCCUPIED
MALES OF
RATIO PER 10,000
OCCUPIED MALES OF
All Birth-
places.
English
or Welsh
Birth.
Irish
Birth.
All
Birth-
places.
(1,473,757)
English
or Welsh
Birth.
(67,733)

Irish
Birth.
(88,809)
Civil and Post Office Services 16,445 1,538 546 112 227 61
Local Government Service (including Gaswork and Sanitary Service) 21,598 674 2,924 147 100 329
Army 6,944 2,389 298 47 353 34
             
Navy 8,529 7,373 485 58 1,089 55
Clerical Profession and Service 7,169 734 473 49 108 53
Legal Profession and Service 9,641 311 49 65 46 6
             
Medical Profession and Service 5,488 437 122 37 65 14
Teaching Profession and Service 9,077 821 165 62 121 19
Art, Music, Drama 7,574 1,654 165 51 244 19
             
Domestic Service 51,486 3,775 2,116 349 557 238
  Outdoor 23,973 1,570 494 163 232 56
  Other 27,513 2,205 1,622 187 326 183
             
Commerce, including Clerks 75,703 4,208 1,497 514 621 169
Railway Service 49,456 1,857 3,071 336 274 346
Road Transport Service 56,758 1,356 3,492 385 200 393
             
Merchant Shipping Service 21,645 1,957 1,223 147 289 138
Occupations about Docks 14,941 440 2,985 101 65 336
Agricultural Occupations 165,689 2,055 3,232 1,124 303 364
             
Fishing Occupations (Fishermen Crofters excluded) 24,163 1,048 33 164 155 4
Mining Occupations 157,655 3,809 11,909 1,070 562 1,341
Occupations in Iron and Other Metal Manufacture 245,489 12,599 24,813 1,666 1,860 2,794
             
Building Occupations 96,087 2,332 4,963 652 344 559
Making and Selling of Clothing 42,274 1,990 2,236 287 294 252
General Labourers 34,213 1,334 6,019 232 197 678
Navvies 2,348 439 884 16 65 100

The groups of occupations which include the largest numbers of females of English and Welsh birth are domestic service, 7,290—5,574 of these being returned as indoor servants; occupations connected with the making and selling of dress, including dressmakers, tailors, hat and bonnet makers and dealers, etc., 2,245; manufacture of textiles, 1,985; teaching, 1,116; and commercial occupations, mostly clerks, 1,029. The largest numbers of occupied females of Irish birth are found in domestic service, 5,604—3,381 of these being indoor domestic servants; in occupations connected with the manufacture of textiles, 2,794; and in those connected with the making and sale of dress, 1,923.

In the Civil Service, including the Post Office Service, males of English and Welsh birth are in relative excess, for in it there are employed 22.7 per thousand of the occupied males, while the corresponding figures for the entire population and for the Irish-born section of the population are 11.2 and 6.1 respectively. The same is found in the other Government services, the navy and the army, the proportions of the occupied males in these services being both higher than those found in the entire population or in the Irish-born section of the population, Men of English or Welsh birth in the navy constitute 108.9 per thousand of the total occupied males, and in the army, 35.3, per thousand, while in the entire population these figures are 5.8 and 4.7; and in the Irish-born section of the population, 5.5 and" 3.4. Of the men of the Royal Navy enumerated in Scotland or in Scottish waters, 7,373, or 86.4 per cent., were of English or Welsh birth, and 485, or 5.7 per cent, of Irish birth, leaving only 671, or 7.9 per cent., as the maximum possible number of Scottish birth.

In. the occupations connected with Local Government services, including those connected with gaswork and sanitary services, Irish-born males are found in considerable relative excess. in the entire population 14.7 per thousand of all occupied males are found in these services, and in the English- and Welsh-born section of the population. 10.0 per thousand, but in the Irish-born section of the population this ratio is 32.9 per thousand. Of the Irish-born males in this group of occupations the largest numbers are found in gaswork service, 1,386, and in scavenging and sanitary service, 697.

In occupations connected with the legal and medical professions the number of males of Irish birth is relatively small, for in the entire population the ratio of those engaged in occupations connected with the legal profession to the total occupied males is 6.5, and of those connected with the medical profession, 3.7. In the English- and Welsh-born section of the population these ratios are 4.6 and 6.5 per thousand respectively, while in the Irish-born section they are only 0.6 and 1.4 per thousand.

In the clerical profession occupied males of English and Welsh birth are found to be in relative excess. In the entire population males with occupations falling under that head constitute 4.9 per thousand of all occupied males, in the English- and Welsh-born section, of the population, 10.8 per thousand, and in the Irish-born section, 5.3.per thousand.

In occupations connected with domestic service, indoor and outdoor, and including allied occupations in hotels and public-houses, and in boarding- and lodging-houses, those of English and Welsh birth are found to be relatively more, and those of Irish birth to be relatively less than what is found in the whole population. In the entire population 34.9 per thousand of the occupied males are found in this group, while the corresponding ratios in the English- and Welsh-born and in the Irish-born sections of the population are 55.7 and 23.8 per thousand respectively.

In the commercial occupations, which include merchants, agents, accountants, clerks, insurance officials, etc., a similar condition is found, males of English and Welsh birth, being in some relative excess, and those of Irish birth in some relative deficit. In the entire population, 51.4 per thousand of the occupied males are found in these occupations, while in the English- and Welsh-born section of the population this ratio is 62.1 per thousand, and in the Irish-born section of the population 16.9 per thousand.

A smaller proportion of the males of English and Welsh birth in Scotland have occupations connected with railway service than is the case either among the general population, or among the Irish-born section of the population. In the general population males in railway service occupations constitute 33.6 per thousand of the total occupied males, and in the Irish-born section of the population 34.6; but in the English- and Welsh-born section of the population only 27.4. The same is found in the group of occupations connected with road transport; in the entire population males in these occupations constitute 38.5 per thousand of the total occupied males, and in the Irish-born section of the population 39.3 per thousand, but in the English and Welsh section of the population they constitute only 20.0 per thousand.

In occupations connected with the merchant service and shipping, males of English and Welsh birth are found to be in relative excess, amounting to 28.9 per thousand of the total occupied males of English and Welsh birth the corresponding figure in the entire population being 14.7, and in the Irish-born section of the population 13.8.

In occupations connected with docks, males of Irish birth are found to be in relative excess, while those of English and Welsh birth are found to be in relative deficit. In the general population males with these occupations amount to 10.1 per thousand of the total occupied males, while in the Irish-born section of the population this ratio is 33.6, and in the English-and Welsh-born section 6.5.

In the occupations connected with agriculture, including those connected with market gardening and forestry, males both of English and Welsh birth and of Irish birth are found to be in relative deficit. In the entire population 112.4 per thousand of all occupied males are found to have agricultural occupations, while the corresponding ratios in the English and Welsh and in the Irish sections are found to be 30.3 per thousand and 36.4 per thousand. A migration from Ireland to some of the agricultural counties of Scotland during the season when potato-gathering and harvesting is taking place is a well-known occurrence, and it is only reasonable to suppose that had the census been taken later in the year, say in August or September, this ratio in the Irish-born section of the population would have been considerably higher.

Only a small proportion of males of Irish birth is found in the occupations connected with fishing. In the entire population 16.4 per thousand of the occupied males are found in these occupations, and in the English- and Welsh-born section of the population 15.5 per thousand; but in the Irish-born section of the population this ratio is only 0.4 per thousand.

In mining occupations males of Irish birth is found to be in some relative excess, and those of English and Welsh birth in some relative deficit. In the entire population males with these occupations constitute 107.0 per thousand of the total occupied males, in the English- and Welsh-born section of the population they constitute 56.2 per thousand, and in the Irish-born section 134.1 per thousand.

In the occupations connected with the manufacture of iron and other metals, males of Irish birth are found to be in relative excess, and to constitute 279.4 per thousand of the total occupied males, the corresponding ratios in the entire population, and in the English- and Welsh-born section of the population, being 166.6 and 186.0 respectively.

In the building trades males of English and Welsh birth are found to be markedly below their due proportion, and those of Irish birth to be also so but in a less degree. In the entire population, occupied males in these trades constitute 65.2 per thousand of all occupied males; in the English- and Welsh-born section of the population they only constitute 34.4 per thousand, and in the Irish-born section 55.9 per thousand.

The proportion of general labourers in the Irish-born section of the population is found to be much higher than either in the entire population or in the English- and Welsh-born section of the population; the ratio in the Irish-born section is 67.8 per thousand of the occupied males, while the corresponding figures in the entire population and in the English- and Welsh-born section of the population are 23.2 and 19.7 respectively.

TABLE B.—OCCUPATIONS OF FEMALES OF ALL BIRTHPLACES
AND OF ENGLISH OR WELSH AND IRISH BIRTH.

OCCUPATIONS OR GROUPS OF
OCCUPATIONS.
NUMBER OF OCCUPIED
FEMALES OF
RATIO PER 10,000
OCCUPIED FEMALES OF
All Birth-
places.
English
or Welsh
Birth.
Irish
Birth.
All
Birth-
places.
(593,210)
English
or Welsh
Birth.
(19,186)

Irish
Birth.
(15,459)
Civil and Post Office Services 4,192 135 40 71 70 26
Clerical Profession and Service 1,064 289 148 18 151 96
Medical Service 11,153 910 391 188 474 253
             
Teaching Profession and Service 19,244 1,116 619 324 582 400
Art, Music, Drama 3,757 618 59 63 322 38
Domestic Service 176,540 7,290 5,604 2,976 3,800 3,625
             
Commerce, including Clerks 30,031 1,029 334 506 536 216
Textile Manufacture 115,369 1,985 2,794 1,945 1,035 1,807
Agricultural Occupations 33,057 294 468 557 153 303
Making and Selling of Clothing 73,393 2,245 1,923 1,237 1,170 1,244

Among occupied females of English and Welsh birth, relatively large numbers are found in the services of the clerical, medical, and teaching professions, in domestic service, and in occupations connected with art, music, and the drama, while a relatively small number is found in the agricultural occupations. Among females of Irish birth, similar relative excesses and deficits arc found, with the one exception of occupations connected with art, music, and the drama, where they are found to be below and not above their due proportion. These comparisons are shown by the following figures where against each of these groups of occupations three numbers are given, the first being the ratio of occupied females in the group to a thousand of the occupied females in the entire population, the second being the corresponding ratio in the English- and Welsh-born section of the population, and the third that in the Irish-born section of the population: — clerical service, 1.8, 15.1, 9.6; medical service, 18.8, 47.4, 25.3; teaching service, 32.4, 58.2, 40.0; domestic service, 297.6, 380.0, 362.5; agricultural occupations, 55.7, 15.3, 30.3; occupations connected with art, music, and the drama, 6.3, 32.2, and 3.8. Of domestic servants of English and Welsh birth 76.5 per cent, are described as indoor servants, and 23.5 as servants of other classes; but of the domestic servants of Irish birth only 60.3 per cent, are described as indoor domestic servants, while 39.7 percent, are described as other classes of servants.

Fuller detail regarding the numbers of English-, Welsh-, and Irish-born in the various occupations, and also of their distribution throughout the various counties, is given in the tables on pages 3 to 42, and to those tables reference is made.

Next Selection Previous Selection