Vision of Ireland | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Blackburn RegD/PLU table	Blackburn SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	199	2
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	1	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	31	-
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	24	1
Police	103	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	29	1
Other Local or County Official	11	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	27	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	10	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	3	-
Army Pensioner	10	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	1	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	516	386
Clergymen (Established Church)	19	-
Roman Catholic Priest	10	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	10	1
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	3	3
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	3
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	19	-
Barrister, Solicitor	26	-
Law Student	1	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	82	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	34	1
Dentist	6	-
Medical Student, Assistant	17	-
Midwife	-	3
Subordinate Medical Service	13	45
Schoolmaster	114	273
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	2	19
School Service, and others connected with teaching	4	1
Author, Editor, Journalist	11	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	2	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Civil Engineer	10	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	13	-
Painter (artist)	4	2
Engraver (artist)	2	-
Sculptor	2	-
Architect	18	-
Musician, Music Master	44	16
Art Student	2	-
Photographer	18	5
Actor	11	7
Art, Music, Theatre Service	2	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	6	6
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	10	1
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	156	3,889
Domestic Coachman, Groom	27	-
Domestic Gardener	20	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	41	3,504
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	45	81
College, Club Service	15	4
Office Keeper (not Government)	3	7
Cook (not domestic)	-	1
Charwoman	2	168
Washing and Bathing Service	1	102
Hospital and Institution Service	-	19
Others engaged in Service	-	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	905	26
Merchant	1	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	87	3
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	36	1
Accountant	25	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	10
Commercial Traveller	128	1
Commercial Clerk	468	10
Bank Service	29	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	2	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	128	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,205	13
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	66	1
Railway Guard	33	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	26	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	221	2
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	5	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	90	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	556	1
Inland Navigation Service	4	1
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	16	1
Seaman (Merchant Service)	9	-
Ship Steward, Cook	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	3	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	61	3
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	105	2
Telegraph, Telephone Service	9	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	217	8
Farmer, Grazier	51	2
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	12	-
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	91	6
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	1	-
Woodman	3	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	1	-
Gardener (not domestic)	57	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	64	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	46	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	7	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	4	-
Gamekeeper	2	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	3	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	142	16
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	11	3
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	4	2
Bookbinder	21	1
Printer	84	2
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	17	8
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	5	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	948	12
Engine, Machine Maker	166	3
Millwright	45	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	194	-
Boiler Maker	62	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	392	6
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	2	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	4	-
File Maker	4	-
Saw Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	45	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	1	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	4	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	10	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	8	-
Type Cutter, Founder	2	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	2	3
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	2	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,328	29
Builder	49	-
Carpenter, Joiner	690	4
Bricklayer	220	2
Mason	530	2
Slater, Tiler	11	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	131	-
Paperhanger	3	1
Plumber	133	1
Painter, Glazier	273	-
Cabinet Maker	197	12
French Polisher	21	4
Furniture Broker, Dealer	17	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	1	-
Gas Fitter	8	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	5	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	3	-
Wood Carver	7	-
Carver, Gilder	20	1
Dealer in Works of Art	5	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	1	-
Artificial Flower Maker	3	1
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	125	-
Coachmaker	36	-
Wheelwright	56	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	33	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	5	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	3	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	2	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	82	4
Dye, Paint Manufacture	1	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	2	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	3	1
Chemist, Druggist	55	3
Manufacturing Chemist	17	-
Drysalter	4	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	21	10
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	20	10
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	1	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,711	540
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	204	60
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	8	48
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	9	4
Maltster	5	-
Brewer	98	1
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	100	29
Cellarman	13	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	14	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	3	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	228	24
Provision Curer, Dealer	70	23
Poulterer, Game Dealer	3	1
Fishmonger	103	8
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	10	-
Corn Miller	123	-
Baker	90	17
Confectioner, Pastrycook	69	156
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	73	29
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	2	-
Sugar Refiner	-	1
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	460	135
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	26	3
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	9,984	15,106
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	31	5
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	1	4
Flannel Manufacture	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	9	1
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	2	3
Silk Dyer, Printer	2	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	3	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	9,208	14,674
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	29	1
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	92	3
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	1
Fustian Manufacturer, Dealer	-	1
Tape Manufacturer, Dealer	111	1
Thread Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	42	1
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	-	1
Weaver (undefined)	33	116
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	10	7
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	137	100
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	3	8
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	245	75
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	84
Others	20	19
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	913	1,052
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	18	5
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	1
Tailor	385	54
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	10	873
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	1	62
Hosiery Manufacture	3	23
Hosier, Haberdasher	7	2
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	244	20
Patten, Clog Maker	175	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	62	1
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	3	4
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	4	7
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	139	4
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	17	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Others	2	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	6	-
Currier	25	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	9	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	75	1
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	2
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	278	38
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	6	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	10	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	5	3
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	9	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	6	-
Sawyer	52	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	5	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	56	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	31	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	26	1
Paper Manufacture	27	5
Stationer, Law Stationer	13	7
Paper Stainer	22	-
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	2	22
Ticket, Label Writer	2	-
Others	3	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	2,304	13
Coal Miner	73	1
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Coal Merchant	100	-
Coalheaver	52	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	58	-
Stone Quarrier	82	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	9	1
Slate Worker, Dealer	3	-
Limeburner	3	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	3	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	147	-
Paviour	135	-
Road Labourer	20	-
Railway Contractor	2	-
Platelayer	21	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	73	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	5	1
Glass Manufacture	1	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	19	2
Salt Maker, Dealer	3	-
Waterworks Service	8	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	6	1
Others	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	930	1
[Steel Manufacture]	2	-
Blacksmith	295	2
Whitesmith	18	-
Nail Manufacture	4	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	60	3
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	4	-
[Coppersmith]	7	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	90	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	34	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	14	1
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	16	-
Others	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	2,186	185
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	64	48
Pawnbroker	38	5
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	150	66
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	114	4
Contractor (undefined)	9	-
General Labourer	1,305	-
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	246	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	188	9
Apprentice (undefined)	10	3
Factory Labourer (undefined)	57	9
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	5	40
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	59	1
Town Drainage Service	20	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	15	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	13	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	11	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	176	1,453
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	176	1,453
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	172	6,428
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	13	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	159	6,426

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)