1931 Census of England and Wales, General Report, Table 49 : " Industry: Analysis by Industrial Status of Orders, Sub-Orders and Certain Numerically Important Industries, England and Wales, 1931".

Note.—employers (including directors and managers), operative employees and those working on own account are included in the total. the out-of-work (all classes) are excluded from the total.

Males Industry Females
Percentage of Total of Number out of work as per cent of number in work Total Total Percentage of Total of     Number out of work as per cent. Of number in work
Employers Operative Employees Working on Own Account Employers, etc. Operative Employees Working on Own Account
a b c d e f g h i j k
8 84.8 7.2 14.6 11,563,591 All Industries 5,122,979 2.7 91 6.3 9.4
3.1 80.5 16.4 16.7 34,134 I. Fishing. 1,401 0.9 97.7 1.4 13.6
17.3 67.6 15.1 6 905,181 II. Agriculture 56,109 21.7 63.7 14.6 3.6
18.4 70.6 11 5.6 750,547 010 Farming (not fruit or poultry) and stockrearing 41,637 26.4 61.3 12.3 3.5
20.2 45.9 33.9 10 50,265 012 Market gardening and fruit farming 3,790 13 77 10 5.4
10.3 83.1 6.6 7.4 41,973 013 Flower and seed growing and nursery gardening 5,853 3.3 94.4 2.3 4.9
0.9 99.1 0 21.8 974,866 III.Mining and Quarrying and Treatment of Non-Metalliferous Mine and Quarry Products 9,148 1 99 0 10.8
0.7 99.3 0 21.9 927,025 1. Mining and quarrying 6,462 1 99 0 11
0.5 99.5 0 21.9 841,114 030 Coal mines (including all minerals obtained from coal mines) 4,168 0.6 99.4 0 1.4
3.2 96.4 0.4 13.1 40,414 043 Stone quarries and mines (not owed by local authorities) 333 4.8 95.2 0 4.8
3.5 96.3 0.2 21 47,841 2. Treatment of non-metalliferous mine and quarry products (excluding gas works) 2,686 1 99 0 10.4
3.4 96.3 0.3 15.7 135,300 IV. Manufacture of Bricks, Pottery, Glass, etc. 49,089 0.2 99.7 0.1 17.9
2.8 97.2 0 13.6 65,668 060 Bricks and tiles (not glazed tiles) fire bricks and fire clay goods 3,920 0.7 99.3 0 2.1
4.3 95.5 0.2 14.9 36,087 063 Earthenware, china, porcelain, terra cotta, glazed tiles 37,651 0.2 99.7 0.1 18.9
6.3 93.3 0.4 15 142,593 V. Manufacture of Chemicals, Dyes, Explosives, Paints, Oils, Grease 49,919 0.8 99.1 0.1 6.7
6 93.6 0.4 19.6 66,401 1. Chemicals 22,646 0.9 99 0.1 6.1
2.5 97.4 0.1 10.6 5,785 2. Explosives 2,866 0 100 0 11
9.1 90.6 0.3 9.7 20,069 3. White lead, paints and varnish 4,942 0.7 99.3 0 6.3
5.5 94.1 0.4 12.1 43,083 4. Oils, greases, glue, etc 13,126 0.8 99.2 0 7.9
8.4 90.6 1 7.9 7,255 5. Miscellaneous 6,339 0.6 99.4 0 4.6
4.5 92.8 2.7 25.8 1,503,620 VI. Manufacture of Metals, Machines, Implements, Conveyances, Jewellery, Watches 258,180 0.6 99.3 0.1 13.6
1.8 98.2 0 36 125,092 1. Smelting, converting, refining and rolling of iron and steel 3,764 0.8 99.2 0 11
1.8 98.2 0 36.2 114,633 112 Puddling furnaces, steel works, and iron and steel rolling mills 3,560 0.8 99.2 0 11
4 95.9 0.1 38.1 11,409 2. Extracting and refining of other metals and alloys 1,105 0.7 99.3 0 13.9
4.9 90.3 4.8 25.3 138,786 3. Founding and other secondary processes in metal working 19,850 1.1 98.8 0.1 17.1
3.5 96.5 0 30.7 50,766 130 General iron and steel foundries 3,475 0.9 99.1 0 17
4 95.1 0.9 24 348,056 4. Engineering (not marine or electrical) 32,694 0.7 99.2 0.1 9.8
0.2 99.8 0 9.7 42,629 151 Railway company 647 0.2 99.8 0 1.2
2.4 97.3 0.3 46.4 30,239 154 Textile machinery 1,041 1 98.6 0.4 16.3
5.5 91.6 2.9 15.1 173,800 5. Electrical installations, cables and apparatus 61,140 0.3 99.7 0 11.6
4.9 91 4.1 17.6 290,342 6. Construction and repair of vehicles 35,946 0.6 99.3 0.1 13.2
0.9 99.1 0 20.9 50,597 180-183 Tram cars and railway rolling stock 1,842 0.7 99.3 0 11.5
5.6 89.7 4.7 17.3 167,008 184-186 Self-propelled road vehicles (not steam) and cycles 18,379 0.6 99.3 0.1 12.7
1.3 98.7 0 15.2 17,158 190,191 Aeroplanes, airships and baloons 1,857 0.3 99.7 0 12.5
1.5 98.2 0.3 71.5 115,267 7. Ship building and repairing; marine engineering 2,829 0.8 99.2 0 10.9
7.9 88.9 3.2 24.5 28,730 8. Cutlery and small tools (not machine tools) 13,358 0.7 99.2 0.1 18.2
5.1 92.9 2 19.3 190,824 9. Other metal industries (not precious metals, jewellery or plate) 72,738 0.4 99.5 0.1 15.2
2.5 97.4 0.1 24.8 27,502 227 Constructional engineering; bridge and girder works, dies, seals, coins, medals 1,021 1.3 98.7 0 6.1
11.5 66.7 21.8 12.3 31,314 10 Precious metals, jewellery, plate 14,756 1.3 97.8 0.9 14.8
4.7 95 0.3 21.2 408,530 VII. Manufacture of Textiles and Textile Goods (not Dress), Cellulose 555,475 0.2 99.6 0.2 24.3
3.3 96.6 0.1 30.7 162,094 1. Cotton 261,394 0 100 0 37.5
2.4 97.6 0 29.1 71,244 260 Carding, spinning and doubling mills 94,131 0 100 0 30.3
3.7 96.2 0.1 33.1 85,450 262 Weaving 155,938 0 100 0 43.5
5.1 94.8 0.1 14 87,558 2 Wool, worsted and shoddy 113,349 0.1 99.9 0 13.2
3.7 96.2 0.1 25 25,650 3. Silk, natural and artificial 32,742 0.1 99.9 0 17.1
12.5 86.8 0.7 18.6 1,140 4. Flax, hemp and jute 1,144 0.5 99.5 0 25.1
7.7 89.5 2.8 15.6 5,528 5. Other or mixed fibres 3,113 0.3 98.8 0.9 15.8
10.1 88.7 1.2 11.2 56,843 6. Miscellaneous products 124,297 0.5 98.5 1 10.2
9.6 89.9 0.5 10 26,478 310 Hosiery and other knitted goods 73,619 0.4 98.7 0.9 9.7
3 96.9 0.1 15.8 69,717 7. Textile dyeing, printing, bleaching, calendering, finishing 19,436 0.6 99.3 0.1 16.1
10.1 83.2 6.7 15.5 50,554 VIII. Preparation of Skins and Leather and Manufacture of Goods of Leather and Leather Substitute (not Clothing or Footwear) 23,814 1.2 97.4 1.4 14.4
8.6 89.8 1.6 15.9 33,718 1. Furs, skins, leather 10,628 1.3 96.4 2.3 14.8
13.2 69.9 16.9 14.8 16,836 2. Saddlery, barness bags, trunks and other goods of leather and leather substitute (not clothing or footwear) 13,186 1 98.3 0.7 14.1
11.3 72.5 16.2 9.8 289,919 IX. Manufacture of Clothing (not knitted) 487,848 1.9 87.5 10.6 5.5
15.5 73.2 11.3 8.7 111,522 340, 341 Tailoring; government and other 153,899 0.8 97.4 1.8 6.4
6.0 69.4 24.6 10.9 131,839 353 Boots, shoes, slippers (not rubber) 52,895 0.8 98.8 0.4 6.1
9.0 88.3 2.7 11.1 352,616 X. Manufacture of Food, Drink, Tobacco 206,356 3.0 95.0 2.0 8.9
10.2 86.1 3.7 11.6 249,873 1. Food 159,363 3.8 93.6 2.6 8.7
7.4 90.8 1.8 9.3 30,969 360 Grain milling 3,573 1.9 97.8 0.3 7.3
14.5 79.2 6.3 10.7 114,202 364 Bread and flour confectionery 50,933 10.3 82.3 7.4 6.5
6.6 93.1 0.3 10.5 85,038 2. Drink 17,565 1.2 98.7 0.1 12.9
5.0 94.8 0.2 9.6 59,638 381 Beer breweries 9,888 1.3 98.7 - 11.1
4.7 95.1 0.2 7.4 17,705 3. Tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, snuff 29,428 0.2 99.8 0.0 7.4
8.8 77.8 13.4 16.2 210,930 XI. Wood Working: Manufacture of Cane and Basket Ware, Furniture, Fittings (not elsewhere enumerated) 27,873 1.8 95.1 3.3 10.1
9.8 71.4 18.8 15.6 90,695 1. Wood working and basket ware 6,471 2.2 95.5 2.3 10.8
8.5 89.9 1.6 16.3 37,238 400 Saw mills and joinery works 1,302 2.6 97.3 0.1 12.1
13.0 37.7 49-3 12.3 27,388 401 General and jobbing carpentry 149 12.1 87.2 0.7 9.4
8.0 82.7 9.3 16.6 120,235 2. Furniture (not metal or basket); fittings 21,402 1.4 95.0 3.6 9.9
7.7 83.2 9.1 16.9 90,137 410 Cabinet and furniture making and upholstering 14,820 1.2 94.0 4.8 10.7
7.6 90.2 2.2 8-2 270,664 XXI. Paper Making Manufacture of Stationery Requisities; Printing, Bookbinding and Photography 140,457 0.8 98.7 0.5 7.9
2.7 97.2 0.1 9.3 33,431 1. Paper making 10,021 0.2 99.8 0.0 8.2
9.2 90.1 0.7 8.2 28,638 2. Paper goods, stationery and stationery requistes 48,269 0.4 99.5 0.1 8.0
8.1 89.1 2.8 8.0 208,595 3. Printing, bookbinding and photography 82,167 1.2 98.1 0.7 7.8
7.8 87.1 5.1 20.8 836,408 XIII. Building, Decorating, Stone and Slate Cutting and Dressing and Contracting 10,385 6.5 92.5 1 6.3
7.7 87.8 4.5 15.6 119,242 XIV. Other Manufacturing Industries. 65,678 0.8 98.5 0.7 11.6
4.8 94.6 0.6 20.4 29,577 1. Rubber 15,749 0.3 99.7 0.0 14.9
6.2 82.8 11.0 22.8 21,580 2. Musical instruments 5,822 0.6 99.2 0.2 13.7
9.4 86.5 4.1 11.2 68,085 3. Other manufacturing industries 44,107 1.0 98.0 1.0 10.1
1.5 98.4 0.1 8.9 202,892 XV. Gas, Water, Electricity 6,815 0.9 99.0 0.1 2.6
1.7 98.3 - 7.5 106,315 510, 516 Gas works 3,360 0.7 99.3 - 2.7
1.2 98.8 - 11.9 26,762 518-521 Waterworks and hydraulic power 617 1.0 99.0 -- 2.1
1.3 98.5 0.2 9.9 69,815 523-529 Electricity supply 2,838 1.1 98.7 0.2 2.6
3.5 92.8 3.7 12.0 1,113,527 XVI. Transport and Communication 38,501 3.1 96.1 0.8 6.1
0.7 99.3 - 3.8 464,089 1. Railways 13,872 0.4 99.6 - 3.3
7.1 83.9 9.0 10.1 400,981 2. Road 13,527 7.7 90.3 2.0 5.2
14.5 70.4 15.1 9.6 74,353 540 Motor garages, livery stables and hiring establishments 3,295 12.4 82.8 4.8 4.5
10.0 73.5 16.5 16-3 141,931 541 Cartage and haulage contracting 3,133 15.1 81.8 3.1 7.4
2.1 97.3 0.6 5.7 105,475 543, 544 Omnibus service 4,030 2.4 97.5 0.1 5.8
0.6 99.4 - 4.2 68,601 545, 546 Tramway service 2,008 0.9 99.1 - 1.6
4.5 93.4 2.1 43.3 121,014 3. Water 6,887 1.1 98.7 0-2 12.1
1.2 98.6 0-2 18.9 106,350 4. Docks, lighthouses, canals, etc. 1,918 0.4 99.2 0.4 7.3
5.4 90.4 4.2 15.7 1,230 5. Air 165 - 98.2 1.8 3.6
5.3 94.3 0.4 19.1 8,780 6. Storage 1,324 1.4 98.2 0.4 11.1
2.7 78.3 19.0 8.9 11,083 7. Other transport communication 808 0.4 98.9 0.7 4.8
15.8 68.0 16.2 7.8 1,935,407 XVII Commerce and Finance 833,959 5.3 80.5 14.2 6.2
15.6 67.0 17.4 13.8 79,794 604 Dealing in coal 5,128 10.4 83.0 6.6 5.3
16.9 68.2 14.9 6.9 213,533 610, 611 Dealing in grocery and provisions 74,339 5.3 72.5 22.2 4.8
12.6 67.3 20.1 6.6 72,944 612, 613 Dealing in milk and dairy products 17,130 10.1 80.9 9.0 4.8
17.5 68.6 13.9 8.0 141,156 614, 615 Dealing in meat 16,239 9.6 81.5 8.9 4.5
15.5 63.0 21.5 8.6 44,636 616, 617 Dealing in fish and poultry 6,899 9.7 77.0 13.3 7.5
14.8 54.9 30.3 8.0 79,220 618, 619 Dealing in vegetables and fruit 22,879 9.5 69.0 21.5 6.3
14.5 82.7 2.8 8.6 28,498 624 Dealing in building materials 5,137 6.6 91.3 2.1 5.3
21.8 69.1 8.9 5.9 40,362 626, 627 Dealing in drugs and druggists' sundries 21,542 29 95.4 1.7 5.3
15.0 78.9 8.1 10.8 66,123 635 Dealing in textiles and clothing (wholesale) 20,844 1.8 97-1 1.1 8.2
22.8 60.8 16.4 7.5 104,277 636 Dealing in drapery, hosiery, haberdashery, hats and millinery (retail) 179,583 5.6 84-9 9-6 6.4
10.7 85.5 3.8 19-8 44,877 641 Dealing in timber 3,016 3.3 95.6 1.1 6.6
14.8 74.4 10.8 10.4 44,941 642 Dealing in furniture 13,199 4.2 89.3 6.5 7.1
19.0 50.7 30.3 4.0 43,334 645 Dealing in books, newspapers, stationery (retail) 25,267 10.1 73.7 16.2 4.4
12.6 75.4 12.0 5.9 174,273 652 Departmental stores, general shops and like mixed businesses 98,520 4.4 72.5 23.1 4.6
2.6 9.7 87.7 5.1 62,771 660 Hawking and street selling 11,269 2.0 13.3 84.7 3.1
21.2 66.5 12.3 8.1 35,318 680 Auctioneering and valuing; house and estate agencies 7,865 1.5 96-7 1.8 43
12.6 87.3 0.1 1.1 71,850 684 Banking and bill discounting houses 18,522 0.2 99.7 0.1 1.4
9.8 89.2 1.0 4.4 113,546 685 Insurance 33,981 0.4 99.5 0.1 2.3
0.6 09.4 - 9.1 1,023,675 XVIII. Public Administration and Defence 354,384 1.2 98.8 - 1.9
0.3 99.7 - 2.1 229,444 1. Defence 5,968 4.8 95.2 - 5.3
1.4 98.6 - 3.6 236,939 2. Central civil government (British and Imperial) 78,966 4.5 95.5 - 1.9
0.3 99.7 - 14.3 557,292 3. Local government 269,450 0.2 99.8 - 1.8
0.1 99.9 - 0.5 61,707 720 Police 1,503 0.3 99.7 - 2.8
0.3 99.7 - 1.5 75,516 722 Education 160,866 0.0 100.0 - 0.9
13.1 69.2 17.7 3.4 293,619 XIX. Professions 273,959 2.6 81.4 16 3.9
1.2 96.7 2.1 1.7 50,060 730 Religion 22,772 0.4 98.1 1.5 1.5
30.5 61.7 7.8 2.6 46,542 731 Law 17,120 0.5 99.0 0.5 2.2
9.3 51.0 39.7 3.9 44,234 732 Medicine and care of the sick and infirm (not government or local authority). 116,099 2.2 82.1 15.7 5.2
4.1 82.8 13.1 3.8 43,089 735 Education (not government or local authority). 82,239 4.8 70.7 24.5 3.1
19.2 70.9 9.9 2.5 35,266 738 Accountancy and actuarial practice (consultant). 7,879 0.5 98.8 0.7 2.7
12.1 76.8 11.1 21.7 100,859 XX.Entertainments and Sport. 48,166 2.8 86.1 11.1 19.5
10.6 75.1 14.2 9.2 628,117 XXI. Personal Service (including Hotels, and Catering, but excluding Government and Local Authority). 1,617,599 2.8 92.0 5.2 7.4
0.6 99.4 - 7.8 261,914 760 Private domestic service (indoor and outdoor). 1,119,133 0.0 100.0 - 7.4
17.0 61.5 21-5 10.9 64,652 772-774 Restaurants, catering, eating and coffee houses. 110,950 9.1 84.0 6.9 11.9
24.2 51.3 24.5 13.1 134,342 775-777 Hotels, inns, public houses and beer houses. 105,225 12.8 80.3 6.9 11.8
11.7 85.4 2.9 8.4 32,828 779 Laundries, job dyeing, and dry cleaning. 119,324 3.3 91.8 4.9 5.9
17.4 50.2 324 6.5 46,126 781 Hairdressing, manicure and chiropody. 33,320 7.5 70.3 22.2 4.2
4.6 91.6 3.8 274.2 30,938 XXII Other Industries, or Industry not stated. 7,864 2.3 94.6 3.1 322.9